Measuring Ages and Elemental Abundances from Unresolved Stellar Populations: Fe, Mg, C, N, and Ca
arXiv:0803.1483 · doi:10.1086/588097
Abstract
We present a method for determining mean light-weighted ages and abundances of Fe, Mg, C, N, and Ca, from medium resolution spectroscopy of unresolved stellar populations. The method, pioneered by Schiavon (2007), is implemented in a publicly available code called EZ_Ages. The method and error estimation are described, and the results tested for accuracy and consistency, by application to integrated spectra of well-known Galactic globular and open clusters. Ages and abundances from integrated light analysis agree with studies of resolved stars to within +/-0.1 dex for most clusters, and to within +/-0.2 dex for nearly all cases. The results are robust to the choice of Lick indices used in the fitting to within +/-0.1 dex, except for a few systematic deviations which are clearly categorized. The realism of our error estimates is checked through comparison with detailed Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we apply EZ_Ages to the sample of galaxies presented in Thomas et al. (2005) and compare our derived values of age, [Fe/H], and [alpha/Fe] to their analysis. We find that [alpha/Fe] is very consistent between the two analyses, that ages are consistent for old (Age > 10 Gyr) populations, but show modest systematic differences at younger ages, and that [Fe/H] is fairly consistent, with small systematic differences related to the age systematics. Overall, EZ_Ages provides accurate estimates of fundamental parameters from medium resolution spectra of unresolved stellar populations in the old and intermediate-age regime, for the first time allowing quantitative estimates of the abundances of C, N, and Ca in these unresolved systems. The EZ_Ages code can be downloaded at http://www.ucolick.org/~graves/EZ_Ages.html
Accepted to ApJS
References in corpus (47)
- Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
- Evolutionary tracks and isochrones for low- and intermediate-mass stars: from 0.15 to 7 M_sun, and from Z=0.0004 to 0.03
- Evolutionary population synthesis: models, analysis of the ingredients and application to high-z galaxies
- The epochs of early-type galaxy formation as a function of environment
- The Stellar Population Histories of Early-Type Galaxies. II. Controlling Parameters of the Stellar Populations
- Old Stellar Populations. VI. Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxy Nuclei and Globular Clusters
- A new chemo-evolutionary population synthesis model for early-type galaxies. I: Theoretical basis
- Population Synthesis in the Blue IV: Accurate Model Predictions for Lick Indices and UBV Colors in Single Stellar Populations
- The Distribution Of Heavy Elements In Spiral And Elliptical Galaxies
- Abundances of Baade's Window Giants from Keck/HIRES Spectra: II. The Alpha- and Light Odd Elements
- Star-to-Star Abundance Variations among Bright Giants in the Mildly Metal-Poor Globular Cluster M4
- Higher-order Balmer line indices in alpha/Fe-enhanced stellar population models
- Homogeneous age dating of 55 Galactic globular clusters. Clues to the Galaxy formation mechanisms
- Discovery of Extended Blue Horizontal Branches in Two Metal-Rich Globular Clusters
- Oxygen trends in the Galactic thin and thick disks
- A new chemo-evolutionary population synthesis model for early-type galaxies. II: Observations and Results
- Empirical calibration of the near-IR CaII triplet - IV. The stellar population synthesis models
- Spectral models for solar-scaled and alpha-enhanced stellar populations
- Strong Balmer lines in old stellar populations: No need for young ages in ellipticals?
- Reliable random error estimation in the measurement of line-strength indices
- A Library of Integrated Spectra of Galactic Globular Clusters
- The sensitivity of Lick indices to abundance variations
- Abundance Analysis of Turn-Off and Early Subgiant Stars in the Globular Cluster 47 Tuc (NGC 104)
- A Robust Method for the Analysis of Integrated Spectra from Globular Clusters using Lick Indices
- New Clues on the Calcium Underabundance in Early-Type Galaxies
- Ages and Abundances of Red Sequence Galaxies as a Function of LINER Emission Line Strength
- The Peculiar Horizontal Branch Morphology of the Galactic Globular Clusters NGC 6388 and NGC 6441: new insights from UV observations
- Integrated Spectroscopy of Bulge Globular Clusters and Fields. II. Implications for stellar population models and elliptical galaxies
- An abundance analysis for four Red Horizontal Branch Stars in the extremely metal rich globular cluster NGC 6528
- The Identification of Blue Horizontal Branch Stars in the Integrated Spectra of Globular Clusters
- Stellar Population Models and Individual Element Abundances I: Sensitivity of Stellar Evolution Models
- On the C and N Abundances of 47 Tucanae Main Sequence Stars
- Testing Stellar Population Models with Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
- The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Mean Ages and Metallicities of Red Field Galaxies at z ~ 0.9 from Stacked Keck/DEIMOS Spectra
- The Metal Content of the Bulge Globular Cluster NGC 6528
- alpha-Enhanced Integrated Lick/IDS Spectral Indices and Milky Way and M31 Globular Clusters and Early-type Galaxies
- Spectroscopy of Blue Stragglers and Turnoff Stars in M67 (NGC 2682)
- Na-O Anticorrelation And HB. III. The abundances of NGC 6441 from FLAMES-UVES spectra
- Population Synthesis in the Blue II. The Spectroscopic Age of 47 Tucanae
- Hot Stars in Old Stellar Populations: A Continuing Need for Intermediate Ages
- Differences in carbon and nitrogen abundances between field and cluster early-type galaxies
- HST NICMOS Photometry of the reddened bulge globular clusters NGC 6528, Terzan 5, Liller 1, UKS 1 and Terzan 4
- The Spectroscopic Age of 47 Tuc
- Population Synthesis in the Blue I. Synthesis of the Integrated Spectrum of 47 Tucanae from its Color-Magnitude Diagram
- The Temperature Scale of Metal-Rich M Giants Based on TiO Bands: Population Synthesis in the Near Infrared
- A New Definition for the Ca4227 Feature: Is Calcium Really Underabundant in Early-type Galaxies?
- Abundance Ratios in the Galactic Bulge and Super Metal-Rich Type II Nucle osynthesis
Cited by in corpus (110)
- First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: A tale of two elements -- chemical evolution of magnesium and europium
- The propagation of uncertainties in stellar population synthesis modeling III: model calibration, comparison, and evaluation
- Evolutionary Stellar Population Synthesis with MILES. Part I: The Base Models and a New Line Index System
- How to Measure Galaxy Star Formation Histories II: Nonparametric Models
- The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies From Absorption Line Spectroscopy. II. Results
- The Atlas3D Project - XXX. Star formation histories and stellar population scaling relations of early-type galaxies
- Evolutionary stellar population synthesis with MILES - II. Scaled-solar and α-enhanced models
- Fitting the integrated Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies
- The SAURON project - XVII. Stellar population analysis of the absorption line strength maps of 48 early-type galaxies
- Early-Type Galaxy Archeology: Ages, Abundance Ratios, and Effective Temperatures from Full-Spectrum Fitting
- The MASSIVE Survey - I. A Volume-Limited Integral-Field Spectroscopic Study of the Most Massive Early-Type Galaxies within 108 Mpc
- The stellar IMF determined in early-type galaxies from a non-degenerate set of optical line indices
- Metal-rich, Metal-poor: Updated Stellar Population Models for Old Stellar Systems
- Star Clusters in M31: II. Old Cluster Metallicities and Ages from Hectospec Data
- Deep near-infrared spectroscopy of passively evolving galaxies at z>1.4
- Multi-Element Abundance Measurements from Medium-Resolution Spectra. IV. Alpha Element Distributions in Milky Way Dwarf Satellite Galaxies
- The Assembly Histories of Quiescent Galaxies Since z=0.7 from Absorption Line Spectroscopy
- Dissecting the Red Sequence--I. Star Formation Histories of Quiescent Galaxies: The Color-Magnitude vs. the Color-Sigma Relation
- Dissecting the Red Sequence--II. Star Formation Histories of Early-Type Galaxies Throughout the Fundamental Plane
- Dwarf Galaxy Dark Matter Density Profiles Inferred from Stellar and Gas Kinematics
- Chemical element ratios of SDSS early-type galaxies
- Dissecting the Red Sequence - III. Mass-to-Light Variations in 3D Fundamental Plane Space
- Galaxy Kinematics with VIRUS-P: The Dark Matter Halo of M87
- Stochastic modeling of star-formation histories I: the scatter of the star-forming main sequence
- Galactic chemical evolution in hierarchical formation models - I. Early-type galaxies in the local Universe
- The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Global stellar populations on the size-mass plane
- A spectroscopic survey of dwarf galaxies in the Coma Cluster: Stellar populations, environment and downsizing
- The Stellar Halos of Massive Elliptical Galaxies II: Detailed Abundance Ratios at Large Radius
- Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology
- The Densest Galaxy
- Detailed abundance analysis from integrated high-dispersion spectroscopy: Globular clusters in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal
- Massive quenched galaxies at z~0.7 retain large molecular gas reservoirs
- The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey: V - Compact Stellar Systems in the Coma Cluster
- Constraining stellar population models - I. Age, metallicity, and abundance pattern compilation for Galactic globular clusters
- Stellar Population Models and Individual Element Abundances II: Stellar Spectra and Integrated Light Models
- The Stellar Halos of Massive Elliptical Galaxies
- The Slow Death (or Rebirth?) of Extended Star Formation in z~0.1 Green Valley Early-Type Galaxies
- Stellar Populations of Elliptical Galaxies in the Local Universe
- Inferring the star formation histories of the most massive and passive early-type galaxies at z<0.3
- Star Clusters in M31. V. Evidence for Self-Enrichment in Old M31 Clusters from Integrated Spectroscopy
- Virgo Redux: The Masses and Stellar Content of Nuclei in Early-Type Galaxies from Multi-Band Photometry and Spectroscopy
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: Radial Gradients in Stellar Population Properties of Early-Type and Late-Type Galaxies
- The Detailed Chemical Properties of M31 Star Clusters I. Fe, Alpha and Light Elements
- Study of stellar populations in the bulges of barred galaxies
- Ultra-Compact Dwarfs in the Coma Cluster
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: local and global chemical abundance patterns in early-type galaxies
- Radial Trends in IMF-Sensitive Absorption Features in Two Early-Type Galaxies: Evidence for Abundance-Driven Gradients
- Testing spectral models for stellar populations with star clusters: II. Results
- Tidal streams in newly discovered M32 analogues: evidence for the stripping scenario
- The WAGGS project - I. The WiFeS Atlas of Galactic Globular cluster Spectra
- Ages and metallicities for quiescent galaxies in the Shapley Supercluster: Driving parameters of the stellar populations
- Detecting Radio-AGN signatures in Red geysers
- Globular Cluster Abundances from High-Resolution, Integrated-Light Spectroscopy. III. The Large Magellanic Cloud: Fe and Ages
- The MASSIVE Survey - XII Connecting Stellar Populations of Early-Type Galaxies to Kinematics and Environment
- The Stellar Haloes of Massive Elliptical Galaxies III: Kinematics at Large Radius
- Keck Observations of the Young Metal-Poor Host Galaxy of the Super-Chandrasekhar-Mass Type Ia Supernova SN 2007if
- Abundance ratios in red-sequence galaxies over a wide mass range: The "X-planes" for magnesium, calcium, carbon and nitrogen
- The chemical composition of globular clusters in the Local Group
- What drives the ultra-violet colours of passive galaxies?
- Infrared High-Resolution Integrated Light Spectral Analyses of M31 Globular Clusters from APOGEE
- Chemical abundance ratios of galactic globular clusters from modelling integrated light spectroscopy
- Stellar Population Properties of Ultracompact Dwarfs in M87: a Mass-metallicity Correlation Connecting Low-metallicity Globular Clusters and Compact Ellipticals
- Spatially Resolved Stellar Spectroscopy of the Ultra-diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44. III. Evidence for an Unexpected Star-Formation History
- Star Clusters in M 31. IV. A Comparative Analysis of Absorption Line Indices in Old M 31 and Milky Way Clusters
- Dissecting the Red Sequence. IV. The Role of Truncation in the Two-Dimensional Family of Early-Type Galaxy Star Formation Histories
- Automated Morphological Classification of SDSS Red Sequence Galaxies
- Colors of Ellipticals from GALEX to Spitzer
- Initial Mass Function Variability (or not) Among \\ Low-Velocity Dispersion, Compact Stellar Systems
- Detailed abundances from integrated-light spectroscopy: Milky Way globular clusters
- Discovery of an isolated compact elliptical galaxy in the field
- Testing the presence of multiple photometric components in nearby early-type galaxies using SDSS
- The Effect of Spatial Gradients in Stellar Mass-to-Light Ratio on Black Hole Mass Measurements
- Stellar mass-loss, rotation and the chemical enrichment of early type galaxies
- The LAMOST spectroscopic survey of star clusters in M31. II. Metallicities, ages and masses
- Tests of model predictions for the response of stellar spectra and absorption line indices to element abundance variations
- Evidence for (and Against) Progenitor Bias in the Size Growth of Compact Red Galaxies
- The Stellar Populations of Bright Coma Cluster Galaxies
- A Comparison of Stellar and Gas-Phase Chemical Abundances in Dusty Early-Type Galaxies
- Abundance ratios in the hot ISM of elliptical galaxies
- Stellar and Molecular Gas Rotation in a Recently-Quenched Massive Galaxy at z~0.7
- Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Evidence for Downsizing
- Chemical abundance anticorrelations in globular cluster stars: The effect on cluster integrated spectra
- Gemini Spectroscopy of Ultra-Compact Dwarfs in the Fossil Group NGC 1132
- Early-Type Galaxy Star Formation Histories in Different Environments
- Carbon and Nitrogen Abundances in Early-type Galaxies
- Stellar Metallicity Gradients in SDSS galaxies
- Stellar populations of nine passive spiral galaxies from the CALIFA survey: are they progenitors of S0s?
- The Age of Ellipticals and the Color-Magnitude Relation
- Old Massive Globular Clusters and the Stellar Halo of the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy NGC 4449
- Analyzer of Spectra for Age Determination (ASAD) - Algorithm and Applications
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: The [/Fe] of Early-Type Galaxies
- Gemini/GMOS Spectroscopy of Globular Clusters in the Merger Remnant Galaxy M85
- A new catalog of homogenised absorption line indices for Milky Way globular clusters from high-resolution integrated spectroscopy
- The old globular cluster system of NGC 4365: new VLT/FORS2 spectra
- Colors of Dwarf Ellipticals from GALEX to WISE
- Lick Indices and Spectral Energy Distribution Analysis based on an M31 Star Cluster Sample: Comparisons of Methods and Models
- Gemini Spectra of Star Clusters in the Spiral Galaxy M101
- The Initial Mass Function and Other Stellar Properties Across the Core of the Hydra I Cluster
- The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXXIII. Stellar Population Gradients in the Virgo Cluster Core Globular Cluster System
- Stellar populations of bulges at low redshift
- The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Trends in [α/Fe] as a Function of Morphology and Environment
- Inferring the Helium abundance of extragalactic Globular Clusters using Integrated Spectra
- Multiple populations within globular clusters in Early-type galaxies Exploring their effect on stellar initial mass function estimates
- Mysterious Globular Cluster System of the Peculiar Massive Galaxy M85
- The origin of the nuclear star-forming ring in NGC 3182
- An empirical calibration of Lick indices using Milky Way Globular Clusters
- The stellar populations in the low luminosity, early-type galaxy NGC59
- Updated Models for the Creation of a Low-z QSO Absorber by a Dwarf Galaxy Wind
- The Mitchell Spectrograph: Studying Nearby Galaxies with the VIRUS Prototype
- Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of Abell 0671