A Robust Method for the Analysis of Integrated Spectra from Globular Clusters using Lick Indices
arXiv:astro-ph/0409526 · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08415.x
Abstract
We define a method for analysis of the integrated spectra of extra-galactic globular clusters that provides more reliable measures of age, metallicity and alpha-element abundance ratio than have so far been achieved. The method involves the simultaneous fitting of up to 25 Lick indices in a chi-squared-fitting technique that maximises the use of the available data. Here we compare three sets of single stellar population (SSP) models of Lick indices to the high signal-to-noise, integrated spectra of 20 Galactic globular clusters. The ages, [Fe/H] and alpha-element abundance ratios derived from the SSP models are compared to the results of resolved stellar population studies from the literature. We find good consistency with the published values, with an agreement of better than 0.1 dex in all three derived parameters. The technique allows identification of abundance ratio anomalies, such as the known nitrogen over-abundance in Galactic globular clusters, and the presence of anomalous horizontal-branch morphologies. It also minimises the impact on the derived parameters of imperfect calibration to the Lick system, and reduction errors in general. The method defined in this work is therefore robust with respect to many of the difficulties that plague the application of SSP models in general, and is, consequently, well suited to the study of extra-galactic globular cluster systems.
13 pages, 8 figure. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
References in corpus (1)
Cited by in corpus (88)
- The epochs of early-type galaxy formation as a function of environment
- Evolutionary Stellar Population Synthesis with MILES. Part I: The Base Models and a New Line Index System
- Extragalactic Globular Clusters and Galaxy Formation
- The Atlas3D Project - XXX. Star formation histories and stellar population scaling relations of early-type galaxies
- A library of high resolution synthetic stellar spectra from 300nm to 1.8 micron with solar and alpha-enhanced composition
- Evolutionary stellar population synthesis with MILES - II. Scaled-solar and α-enhanced models
- The SAURON project - XVII. Stellar population analysis of the absorption line strength maps of 48 early-type galaxies
- Population Synthesis in the Blue IV: Accurate Model Predictions for Lick Indices and UBV Colors in Single Stellar Populations
- Horizontal Branch Stars: The Interplay between Observations and Theory, and Insights into the Formation of the Galaxy
- NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey -- II. Age and Metallicity along the Red Sequence
- The star formation history of CALIFA galaxies: Radial structures
- The SAURON project - VIII. OASIS/CFHT integral-field spectroscopy of elliptical and lenticular galaxy centres
- Star formation history of barred disc galaxies
- Spectral models for solar-scaled and alpha-enhanced stellar populations
- Spatially resolved spectroscopy of early-type galaxies over a range in mass
- A fundamental problem in our understanding of low mass galaxy evolution
- Measuring Ages and Elemental Abundances from Unresolved Stellar Populations: Fe, Mg, C, N, and Ca
- A Library of Integrated Spectra of Galactic Globular Clusters
- Extragalactic Globular Clusters: Old Spectroscopic Ages and New Views on Their Formation
- The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the third and final data release
- A 2dF spectroscopic study of globular clusters in NGC 5128: Probing the formation history of the nearest giant Elliptical
- The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Global stellar populations on the size-mass plane
- Rejuvenation of spiral bulges
- The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Data Release Two with absorption-line physics value-added products
- The Ubiquity and Dual Nature of Ultra Compact Dwarfs
- Detailed abundance analysis from integrated high-dispersion spectroscopy: Globular clusters in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal
- Spatially resolved kinematics and stellar populations of brightest cluster and group galaxies
- The SLUGGS survey: Exploring the metallicity gradients of nearby early-type galaxies to large radii
- Constraining stellar population models - I. Age, metallicity, and abundance pattern compilation for Galactic globular clusters
- Stellar population gradients in early-type cluster galaxies
- GMOS Spectroscopy of the S0 galaxy NGC 3115
- Gemini/GMOS Spectra of Globular Clusters in the Leo Group Elliptical NGC 3379
- Old Globular Clusters Masquerading as Young in NGC 4365?
- Line Strengths in Early-Type Cluster Galaxies at z=0.33: Implications for alpha/Fe, Nitrogen and the Histories of E/S0s
- Stellar populations of Globular Clusters in the Elliptical galaxy NGC1407
- The Age, Metallicity and Alpha-Element Abundance of Galactic Globular Clusters from Single Stellar Population Models
- The Chemical Properties of Milky Way and M31 Globular Clusters: II. Stellar Population Model Predictions
- Central stellar populations of early-type galaxies in low-density environments
- Gemini/GMOS Spectroscopy of the Spheroid and Globular Cluster System of NGC 3923
- The spatially resolved stellar populations of isolated early-type galaxies
- Ages, Metallicities, and [alpha/Fe] ratios of globular clusters in NGC 147, NGC 185, and NGC 205
- Massive star clusters in galaxies
- The chemical composition of Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies in the Virgo and Fornax Clusters
- Spatially resolved stellar populations in the isolated elliptical NGC 821
- The early-type galaxies NGC 1407 and NGC 1400 - II: star formation and chemical evolutionary history
- Exploring the Star Formation History of Elliptical Galaxies: Beyond Simple Stellar Populations with a New Estimator of Line Strengths
- Stellar population gradients in early-type cluster galaxies with VIMOS IFU
- Extending the baseline: Spitzer Mid-Infrared Photometry of Globular Cluster Systems in the Centaurus A and Sombrero Galaxies
- Ages and metallicities for quiescent galaxies in the Shapley Supercluster: Driving parameters of the stellar populations
- Stellar populations of Virgo cluster early-type dwarf galaxies with and without discs: a dichotomy in age?
- Gemini/GMOS Spectra of Globular Clusters in the Virgo Giant Elliptical NGC 4649
- The Evolutionary History of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1052
- The Globular Cluster System of the Virgo Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy VCC 1087
- The SAMI Galaxy Survey: stellar population gradients of central galaxies
- Full spectral fitting of Milky Way and M31 globular clusters: ages and metallicities
- Deriving Metallicities From the Integrated Spectra of Extragalactic Globular Clusters Using the Near-Infrared Calcium Triplet
- The Peculiar Globular Cluster System of the S0 Galaxy NGC 7457
- Globular Clusters in NGC 4365: New K-band Imaging and a Reassessment of the Case for Intermediate-age Clusters
- The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Stellar Population Trends Across and Through the Fundamental Plane
- Absorption line indices in the UV. Empirical and theoretical stellar population models
- sMILES SSPs: A Library of Semi-Empirical MILES Stellar Population Models with Variable [/Fe] Abundances
- The Outer Halo Globular Clusters of M31
- Detailed abundances from integrated-light spectroscopy: Milky Way globular clusters
- Young globular clusters in NGC 1316
- The stellar populations of early-type galaxies -- II. The effects of environment and mass
- Globular cluster content and evolutionary history of NGC147
- Secular evolution in action: central values and radial trends in the stellar populations of boxy bulges
- Spectroscopic Study of Extended Star Clusters in Dwarf Galaxy NGC 6822
- Keck spectroscopy of globular clusters in the spiral galaxy NGC 2683
- The Globular Cluster System of NGC 4636 and Formation of Globular Clusters in Giant Elliptical Galaxies
- The effects of stellar populations on galaxy scaling relations in the 6dF Galaxy Survey
- A tale of a rich cluster at z0.8 as seen by the Star Formation Histories of its ETGs
- The anatomy of the NGC 5044 group -- II. Stellar populations and star-formation histories
- Nonlinear Color-Metallicity Relations of Globular Clusters. V. Nonlinear Absorption-line Index versus Metallicity Relations and Bimodal Index Distributions of M31 Globular Clusters
- Chemical abundance anticorrelations in globular cluster stars: The effect on cluster integrated spectra
- First confirmed ultra-compact dwarf galaxy in the NGC 5044 group
- Gemini/GMOS Spectroscopy of Globular Clusters in the Merger Remnant Galaxy M85
- The stellar populations of early-type galaxies -- I. Observations, line-strengths and stellar population parameters
- The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXXIII. Stellar Population Gradients in the Virgo Cluster Core Globular Cluster System
- Stellar populations of bulges at low redshift
- Age-Divided Mean Stellar Populations from Full Spectrum Fitting as the Simplified Star Formation and Chemical Evolution History of a Galaxy: Methodology and Reliability
- The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Trends in [α/Fe] as a Function of Morphology and Environment
- The Sami Galaxy Survey: stellar populations of passive spiral galaxies in different environment
- Mysterious Globular Cluster System of the Peculiar Massive Galaxy M85
- Globular clusters as cosmic clocks: new cosmological hints from their integrated light
- Nonlinear Color-Metallicity Relations of Globular Clusters. X. Subaru/FOCAS Multi-object Spectroscopy of M87 Globular Clusters
- Deep MOS Spectroscopy of NGC 1316 Globular Clusters
- Understanding the origin of early-type dwarfs: The spectrophotometric study of CGCG014-074