The IACOB project VIII. Searching for empirical signatures of binarity in fast-rotating O-type stars

Abstract

The empirical distribution of projected rotational velocities (vsini) in massive O-type stars is characterized by a dominant slow velocity component and a tail of fast rotators. Binary interaction has been proposed to play a dominant role in the formation of this tail. We perform a complete and homogeneous search for empirical signatures of binarity in a sample of 54 fast-rotating stars with the aim of evaluating this hypothesis. This working sample has been extracted from a larger sample of 415 Galactic O-type stars which covers the full range of vsini values. We use new and archival multi-epoch spectra in order to detect spectroscopic binary systems. We complement this information with Gaia proper motions and TESS photometric data to aid in the identification of runaway stars and eclipsing binaries, respectively. The identified fraction of single-lined spectroscopic binary (SB1) systems and apparently single stars among the fast-rotating sample is $\sim$18% and $\sim$70%, respectively. When comparing these percentages with those corresponding to the slow-rotating sample we find that our sample of fast rotators is characterized by a slightly larger percentage of SB1 systems ($\sim$18% vs. $\sim$13%) and a considerably smaller fraction of clearly detected SB2 systems (8% vs. 33%). Overall, there seems to be a clear deficit of spectroscopic binaries (SB1+SB2) among fast-rotating O-type stars ($\sim$26% vs. $\sim$46%). On the contrary, the fraction of runaway stars is significantly higher in the fast-rotating domain ($\sim$33-50%) than among those stars with vsini < 200 km/s. Lastly, almost 65% of the apparently single fast-rotating stars are runaways. Our empirical results seem to be in good agreement with the idea that the tail of fast-rotating O-type stars (with vsini > 200 km/s) is mostly populated by post-interaction binary products.

arXiv comment33 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in "Astronomy and Astrophysics"

References in corpus (110)

• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars
• Estimating distances from parallaxes. V: Geometric and photogeometric distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3
• Local Kinematics and the Local Standard of Rest
• Comprehensive analytic formulae for stellar evolution as a function of mass and metallicity
• Grids of stellar models with rotation - I. Models from 0.8 to 120 Msun at solar metallicity (Z = 0.014)
• A statistical study of 233 pulsar proper motions
• Mind your Ps and Qs: the Interrelation between Period (P) and Mass-ratio (Q) Distributions of Binary Stars
• Core-Collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-powered Explosions
• Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis Version 2.1: construction, observational verification and new results
• Southern Massive Stars at High Angular Resolution: Observational Campaign and Companion Detection
• Be/X-ray binaries
• Reevaluating Old Stellar Populations
• The rotation rates of massive stars: the role of binary interaction through tides, mass transfer and mergers
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey VIII. Multiplicity properties of the O-type star population
• The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS). II. Bright Southern Stars
• HERMES: a high-resolution fibre-fed spectrograph for the Mercator telescope
• The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. Classification System and Bright Northern Stars in the Blue-Violet at R~2500
• On the origin of the O and B-type stars with high velocities II Runaway stars and pulsars ejected from the nearby young stellar groups
• The incidence of stellar mergers and mass gainers among massive stars
• A spectroscopic survey on the multiplicity of high-mass stars
• The IACOB project: I. Rotational velocities in Northern Galactic O and early B-type stars revisited. The impact of other sources of line-broadening
• A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3kpc from the Sun
• How mergers magnetise massive stars
• Runaway stars as progenitors of supernovae and gamma-ray bursts
• Massive runaways and walkaway stars
• The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: constraints on stellar evolution from the chemical compositions of rapidly rotating Galactic and Magellanic Cloud B-type stars
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey XII. Rotational velocities of the single O-type stars
• The MiMeS survey of magnetism in massive stars: Magnetic analysis of the O-type stars
• Spectral models for binary products: Unifying Subdwarfs and Wolf-Rayet stars as a sequence of stripped-envelope stars
• The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS). III. 142 additional O-type systems
• Cross-Correlation and Maximum Likelihood Analysis: A New Approach to Combine Cross-Correlation Functions
• The spectroscopic Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
• An XMM-Newton view of the young open cluster NGC 6231 -- II. The OB star population
• On the formation of Be stars through binary interaction
• The properties of dynamically ejected runaway and hyper-runaway stars
• The IACOB project: III. New observational clues to understand macroturbulent broadening in massive O- and B-type stars
• Hot stars observed by XMM-Newton I. The catalog and the properties of OB stars
• Catalogue of particle-accelerating colliding-wind binaries
• Rejuvenation of stellar mergers and the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars
• The spatial distribution of O-B5 stars in the solar neighborhood as measured by Hipparcos
• Variability of OB stars from TESS southern Sectors 1-13 and high-resolution IACOB and OWN spectroscopy
• Properties of OB star-black hole systems derived from detailed binary evolution models
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey XIV. The O-Type Stellar Content of 30 Doradus
• The IACOB project. V. Spectroscopic parameters of the O-type stars in the modern grid of standards for spectral classification
• An X-ray quiet black hole born with a negligible kick in a massive binary within the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The Detection and Characterization of Be+sdO Binaries from HST/STIS FUV Spectroscopy
• The Multiplicity of Massive Stars: A High Angular Resolution Survey with the HST Fine Guidance Sensor
• Diverse Variability of O and B Stars Revealed from 2-minute Cadence Light Curves in Sectors 1 and 2 of the TESS Mission: Selection of an Asteroseismic Sample
• Investigating the lack of main-sequence companions to massive Be stars
• An asteroseismic study of the O9V star HD 46202 from CoRoT space-based photometry
• Chandra Study of the Cepheus B Star Forming Region: Stellar Populations and the Initial Mass Function
• Identifying quiescent compact objects in massive Galactic single-lined spectroscopic binaries
• Identifying birth places of young isolated neutron stars
• Validation of the accuracy and precision of Gaia EDR3 parallaxes with globular clusters
• Long-term evolution of a magnetic massive merger product
• Evolution of accretor stars in massive binaries: broader implications from modeling ζ Ophiuchi
• A search for Galactic runaway stars using Gaia Data Release 1 and Hipparcos proper motions
• Characterizing and correcting the proper motion bias of the bright Gaia EDR3 sources
• MONOS: Multiplicity Of Northern O-type Spectroscopic systems. I. Project description and spectral classifications and visual multiplicity of previously known objects
• The Alma catalog of OB stars. II. A cross-match with Gaia DR2 and an updated map of the solar neighbourhood
• Optical-NIR dust extinction towards Galactic O stars
• An X-ray Census of Young Stars in the Massive Southern Star-Forming Complex NGC 6357
• Circinus X-1: survivor of a highly asymmetric supernova
• The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring VI: Characterisation of hidden companions in 51 single-lined O-type binaries, a flat mass-ratio distribution, and black-hole binary candidates
• On the use of the Fourier Transform to determine the projected rotational velocity of line-profile variable B stars
• The Ultraviolet Spectrum and Physical Properties of the Mass Donor Star in HD 226868 = Cygnus X-1
• The IACOB project. VII. The rotational properties of Galactic massive O-type stars revisited
• An estimation of the Gaia EDR3 parallax bias from stellar clusters and Magellanic Clouds data
• High-resolution imaging of Galactic massive stars with AstraLux. I. 138 fields with delta > -25 degrees
• MOST detects corotating bright spots on the mid-O type giant ξ Persei
• Hot stars observed by XMM-Newton II. A survey of Oe and Be stars
• The IACOB project. VI. On the elusive detection of massive O-type stars close to the ZAMS
• Beta Cephei stars in the ASAS-3 data. II. 103 new Beta Cephei stars and a discussion of low-frequency modes
• Simultaneous X-ray and optical spectroscopy of the Oef supergiant lambda Cep
• The B-type Binaries Characterisation Programme I. Orbital solutions for the 30 Doradus population
• The MiMeS survey of Magnetism in Massive Stars: Magnetic properties of the O-type star population
• Three discoveries of gamma Cas analogs from dedicated XMM-Newton observations of Be stars
• Revisiting the birth locations of pulsars B1929+10, B2020+28,and B2021+51
• Chemical composition of Galactic OB stars II. The fast rotator Z Oph
• Constraining the Overcontact Phase in Massive Binary Evolution I. Mixing in V382 Cyg, VFTS 352, and OGLE SMC-SC10 108086
• Thermal emission from bow shocks I: 2D Hydrodynamic Models of the Bubble Nebula
• Interferometric detections of sdO companions orbiting three classical Be stars
• The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey: Observational evidence for two distinct populations of massive runaway stars in 30 Doradus
• Detection of period-spacing patterns due to the gravity modes of rotating dwarfs in the TESS southern continuous viewing zone
• Chemical abundances of fast-rotating massive stars. I. Description of the methods and individual results
• Red noise and pulsations in evolved massive stars
• MONOS.II. Orbit review and analysis for 35 single-lined spectroscopic binary systems and candidates
• Modeling overcontact binaries, I. The effect of tidal deformation
• Massive star formation by accretion II. Rotation: how to circumvent the angular momentum barrier?
• Chemical abundances of fast-rotating massive stars. II. Interpretation and comparison with evolutionary models
• High-resolution spectroscopic study of massive blue and red supergiants in Per OB1
• Tomographic Separation of Composite Spectra. XI. The Physical Properties of the Massive Close Binary HD 100213 (TU Muscae)
• Characterization of the variability in the O+B eclipsing binary HD 165246
• X-ray and optical spectroscopy of the massive young open cluster IC1805
• The Norma Arm Region Chandra Survey: X-ray Populations in the Spiral Arms
• X-ray properties of the young open clusters HM1 and IC2944/2948
• Radial Velocities of Galactic O-Type Stars. II. Single-lined Spectroscopic Binaries
• A Survey for High-Mass Eclipsing Binaries
• Escape from the Bermuda cluster: orphanization by multiple stellar ejections
• Chandra grating spectroscopy of embedded wind shock X-ray emission from O stars shows low plasma temperatures and significant wind absorption
• The nature of the high Galactic latitude O-star HD93521: new results from X-ray and optical spectroscopy
• Extended X-ray emission from the classic nova DQ Her -- On the possible presence of a magnetized jet
• Similar but different: the varied landscape of Onfp/Oef stars variability
• X-ray emission from O-type stars : DH Cep and HD 97434
• The Transformative Journey of HD 93521
• Detection of single-degenerate massive binaries with Gaia: The impact of blue supergiants, triples, mass precision, and high-precision parallax requirements
• LAMOST J040643.69+542347.8: the fastest Rotator in the Galaxy
• Multiwavelength Observations of the Runaway Binary HD 15137
• Two New Rapidly-Rotating ON Stars Found With LAMOST

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Galactic runaway O and Be stars found using Gaia DR3
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): a spectroscopic VLT monitoring survey of massive stars in the SMC
• The IACOB project X. Large-scale quantitative spectroscopic analysis of Galactic luminous blue stars
• Tracing the evolution of short-period binaries with super-synchronous fast rotators
• Extreme mass ratios and fast rotation in three massive binaries
• The IACOB project XIV. New clues on the location of the TAMS in the massive star domain
• An observational study of rotation and binarity of Galactic O-type runaway stars
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Projected rotational velocities
• MONOS: Multiplicity Of Northern O-type Spectroscopic systems. III. New orbits and Gaia TESS analysis for 10 SB2E systems
• On the origin of the rotation of massive stars