First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XVI: Size Evolution of Massive Dusty Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn from UV to IR

Abstract

We use the First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) to study the evolution of the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) and far-infrared (FIR) sizes for a statistical sample of massive ($\gtrsim 10^9$M${}_{\odot }$) high redshift galaxies (z $\in$ [5,10]). Galaxies are post-processed using the SKIRT radiative transfer code, to self-consistently obtain the full spectral energy distribution and surface brightness distribution. We create mock observations of the galaxies for the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) to study the rest-frame UV 1500 $\unicode{xC5}$ morphology. We also generate mock rest-frame FIR (50 $\mu$m) photometry and mock ALMA (158 $\mu$m) (0.01"-0.03" and $\approx$0.3" angular resolution) observations to study the dust-continuum. We find the effect of dust on observed sizes reduces with increasing wavelength from the UV to optical ($\sim$0.6 times the UV at 0.4$\mu$m), with no evolution in FIR sizes. Observed sizes vary within 0.4-1.2 times the intrinsic sizes at different signal to noise ratios (SNR = 5-20) across redshifts. The effect of PSF and noise makes bright structures prominent, whereas fainter regions blend with noise, leading to an underestimation (factor of 0.4-0.8) of sizes at SNR=5. At SNR=15-20, the underestimation reduces (factor of 0.6-0.9) at z=5-8 but due to PSF, at z=9-10, bright cores are dominant, resulting in an overestimation (factor of 1.0-1.2). For ALMA, low resolution sizes are effected by noise which acts as extended emission. The size evolution in UV broadly agrees with current observational samples and other simulations. This work is one of the first to analyse the panchromatic sizes of a statistically significant sample of simulated high-redshift galaxies, complementing a growing body of research highlighting the importance of conducting an equivalent comparison between observed galaxies and their simulated counterparts in the early Universe.

25 pages, 32 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A)

References in corpus (76)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at z=0
• Dust Grain Size Distributions and Extinction in the Milky Way, LMC, and SMC
• The Initial Mass Function of Stars: Evidence for Uniformity in Variable Systems
• The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations
• The propagation of uncertainties in stellar population synthesis modeling III: model calibration, comparison, and evaluation
• Simba: Cosmological Simulations with Black Hole Growth and Feedback
• CASA, the Common Astronomy Software Applications for Radio Astronomy
• Substructures in hydrodynamical cluster simulations
• First Results from the TNG50 Simulation: Galactic outflows driven by supernovae and black hole feedback
• First Results from the TNG50 Simulation: The evolution of stellar and gaseous disks across cosmic time
• Star formation thresholds and galaxy edges: why and where
• Reevaluating Old Stellar Populations
• The Evolution of Galaxy Structure over Cosmic Time
• Structure and star formation in galaxies out to z=3: evidence for surface density dependent evolution and upsizing
• The optical morphologies of galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulation: a comparison to Pan-STARRS observations
• The Size Evolution of High Redshift Galaxies
• Ancient Light from Young Cosmic Cities: Physical and Observational Signatures of Galaxy Proto-Clusters
• The abundance and clustering of dark haloes in the standard Lambda CDM cosmogony
• SKIRT: an Advanced Dust Radiative Transfer Code with a User-Friendly Architecture
• Modelling the Pan-Spectral Energy Distribution of Starburst Galaxies: IV The Controlling Parameters of the Starburst SED
• Structure and Morphologies of z~7-8 Galaxies from ultra-deep WFC3/IR Imaging of the HUDF
• Galaxy Size Evolution at High Redshift and Surface Brightness Selection Effects: Constraints from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The BlueTides Simulation: First Galaxies and Reionization
• Three-Dimensional Dust Radiative Transfer
• The Dust-to-Gas and Dust-to-Metals Ratio in Galaxies from z=0-6
• Size--luminosity relations and UV luminosity functions at $z=6-9$ simultaneously derived from the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data
• Unveiling the nature of bright z ~ 7 galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope
• On the dust temperatures of high redshift galaxies
• Evolution of the Sizes of Galaxies over 7<z<12 Revealed by the 2012 Hubble Ultra Deep Field Campaign
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) I: Environmental Dependence of High-Redshift Galaxy Evolution
• Dust attenuation, dust emission, and dust temperature in galaxies at z>=5: a view from the FIRE-2 simulations
• Dusty galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization: simulations
• The VANDELS survey: the stellar metallicities of star-forming galaxies at 2.5 < z < 5.0
• The Evolution of Mass-size Relation for Lyman Break Galaxies From z=1 to z=7
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: High-resolution dust continuum morphologies and the link between sub-millimetre galaxies and spheroid formation
• The sizes of $z\sim 6-8$ lensed galaxies from the Hubble Frontier Fields Abell 2744 data
• The size-luminosity relation at z=7 in CANDELS and its implication on reionization
• EPOCHS VI: The Size and Shape Evolution of Galaxies since z ~ 8 with JWST Observations
• Physical Properties of Spectroscopically-Confirmed Galaxies at z >= 6. II. Morphology of the Rest-Frame UV Continuum and Lyman-alpha Emission
• Detailed dust modelling in the L-Galaxies semi-analytic model of galaxy formation
• Carbonaceous dust grains seen in the first billion years of cosmic time
• The Sizes of Candidate $z\sim 9-10$ Galaxies: confirmation of the bright CANDELS sample and relation with luminosity and mass
• Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: morphologies and sizes
• The Bivariate Size-luminosity Relations for Lyman Break Galaxies at z ~ 4 - 5
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. V: the first rest-frame optical size-luminosity relation of galaxies at $z>7$
• The dust-continuum size of TNG50 galaxies at $z=1-5$: a comparison with the distribution of stellar light, stars, dust and H${}_2$
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: The Cosmic Dust and Gas Mass Densities in Galaxies up to $z\sim 3$
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) V: The redshift frontier
• Characterising and Identifying Galaxy Protoclusters
• The discovery of rest-frame UV colour gradients and a diversity of dust morphologies in bright z ~ 7 Lyman-break galaxies
• The VANDELS survey: the relation between UV continuum slope and stellar metallicity in star-forming galaxies at z~3
• Expectations of the size evolution of massive galaxies at $3\le z\le 6$ from the TNG50 simulation: the CEERS/JWST view
• The eventful life of a luminous galaxy at z = 14: metal enrichment, feedback, and low gas fraction?
• JWST reveals a possible $z\sim 11$ galaxy merger in triply-lensed MACS0647$-$JD
• Sizes of Lensed Lower-luminosity z=4-8 Galaxies from the Hubble Frontier Field Program
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) IV: The size evolution of galaxies at $z\ge 5$
• Photometric properties of reionization-epoch galaxies in the Simba simulations
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Dust mass budget in the early Universe
• Dust attenuation evolution in $z\sim 2$-$12$ JWST galaxies
• Silicate Dust in Active Galactic Nuclei
• A new census of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at z=0.7-2 with JWST MIRI
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Widespread dust-obscured star formation in typical star-forming galaxies at z=4-6
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) VII: The Star Formation and Metal Enrichment Histories of Galaxies in the early Universe
• Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation--VII. The sizes of high-redshift galaxies
• The ALMA-CRISTAL Survey: Spatial extent of [CII] line emission in star-forming galaxies at $z=4-6$
• Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation -- XVII. Sizes, angular momenta and morphologies of high redshift galaxies
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Dust emission effective radius up to 3 kpc in the Early Universe
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XII: The consequences of star-dust geometry on galaxies in the EoR
• Intrinsic alignments of the extended radio continuum emission of galaxies in the EAGLE simulations

Cited by in corpus (4)

• The THESAN-ZOOM project: central starbursts and inside-out quenching govern galaxy sizes in the early Universe
• Beyond the stars: Linking H$\alpha$ sizes, kinematics, and star formation in galaxies at $z\approx 4-6$ with JWST grism surveys and $\text{geko}$
• The multi-wavelength Tully-Fisher relation in the TNG50 cosmological simulation
• Dust-UV offsets in high-redshift galaxies in the Cosmic Dawn III simulation