The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Widespread dust-obscured star formation in typical star-forming galaxies at z=4-6

Abstract

We present the morphological parameters and global properties of dust-obscured star formation in typical star-forming galaxies at z=4-6. Among 26 galaxies composed of 20 galaxies observed by the Cycle-8 ALMA Large Program, CRISTAL, and six galaxies from archival data, we have individually detected rest-frame 158$\mu$m dust continuum emission from 19 galaxies, nine of which are reported for the first time. The derived far-infrared luminosities are in the range ${\log }_{10}{L}_{\mathrm{IR}}[L_{\odot }]=$10.9-12.4, an order of magnitude lower than previously detected massive dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). The average relationship between the fraction of dust-obscured star formation ($f_{\mathrm{obs}}$) and the stellar mass is consistent with previous results at z=4-6 in a mass range of ${\log }_{10}{M}_{\ast }[M_{\odot }]\sim$9.5-11.0 and show potential evolution from z=6-9. The individual $f_{\mathrm{obs}}$ exhibits a significant diversity, and it shows a correlation with the spatial offset between the dust and the UV continuum, suggesting the inhomogeneous dust reddening may cause the source-to-source scatter in $f_{\mathrm{obs}}$. The effective radii of the dust emission are on average $\sim$1.5 kpc and are $\sim 2$ times more extended than the rest-frame UV. The infrared surface densities of these galaxies (${\Sigma }_{\mathrm{IR}}\sim 2.0\times 10^{10}{L}_{\odot }{\mathrm{kpc}}^{-2}$) are one order of magnitude lower than those of DSFGs that host compact central starbursts. On the basis of the comparable contribution of dust-obscured and dust-unobscured star formation along with their similar spatial extent, we suggest that typical star-forming galaxies at z=4-6 form stars throughout the entirety of their disks.

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