The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Resolved kinematic studies of main sequence star-forming galaxies at 4<z<6

Abstract

We present a detailed kinematic study of a sample of 32 massive ($9.5⩽\log (M_{\ast }/{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot })⩽10.9$) main-sequence star-forming galaxies (MS SFGs) at $4<z<6$ from the ALMA-CRISTAL program. The data consist of deep (up to 15hr observing time per target), high-resolution ($\sim 1$kpc) ALMA observations of the [CII]158$\mu$m line emission. This data set enables the first systematic kpc-scale characterisation of the kinematics nature of typical massive SFGs at these epochs. We find that $\sim 50\%$ of the sample are disk-like, with a number of galaxies located in systems of multiple components. Kinematic modelling reveals these main sequence disks exhibit high-velocity dispersions (${\sigma }_0$), with a median disk velocity dispersion of $\sim 70\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ and $V_{\mathrm{rot}}/{\sigma }_0\sim 2$, and consistent with dominant gravity driving. The elevated disk dispersions are in line with the predicted evolution based on Toomre theory and the extrapolated trends from $z\sim 0$-$2.5$ MS star-forming disks. The inferred dark matter (DM) mass fraction within the effective radius $f_{\mathrm{DM}}(<R_{\mathrm{e}})$ for the disk systems decreases with the central baryonic mass surface density, and is consistent with the trend reported by kinematic studies at $z\lesssim 3$; roughly half the disks have $f_{\mathrm{DM}}(<R_{\mathrm{e}})\lesssim 30\%$. The CRISTAL sample of massive MS SFGs provides a reference of the kinematics of a representative population and extends the view onto typical galaxies beyond previous kpc-scale studies at $z\lesssim 3$.

42 pages, 24 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (91)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• 3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since $z=3$
• CASA, the Common Astronomy Software Applications for Radio Astronomy
• From rings to bulges: evidence for rapid secular galaxy evolution at z~2 from integral field spectroscopy in the SINS survey
• Combined CO & Dust Scaling Relations of Depletion Time and Molecular Gas Fractions with Cosmic Time, Specific Star Formation Rate and Stellar Mass
• The KMOS^3D Survey: design, first results, and the evolution of galaxy kinematics from 0.7<z<2.7
• Compaction and Quenching of High-z Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations: Blue and Red Nuggets
• Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z=4 and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation
• Strongly baryon-dominated disk galaxies at the peak of galaxy formation ten billion years ago
• Imfit: A Fast, Flexible New Program for Astronomical Image Fitting
• Kinemetry of SINS High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies: Distinguishing Rotating Disks from Major Mergers
• Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey: Selection and Characterization of Luminous Interstellar Medium Reservoirs in the z>6.5 Universe
• ALMA Imaging of Gas and Dust in a Galaxy Protocluster at Redshift 5.3: [CII] Emission in "Typical" Galaxies and Dusty Starbursts ~1 Billion Years after the Big Bang
• Observational constraints on the merger history of galaxies since $z\approx 6$: Probabilistic galaxy pair counts in the CANDELS fields
• A dynamically cold disk galaxy in the early Universe
• Photodissociation and X-Ray Dominated Regions
• Modelling the supernova-driven ISM in different environments
• The formation and assembly of a typical star-forming galaxy at z~3
• Resolved spectroscopy of gravitationally lensed galaxies: global dynamics and star-forming clumps on ~100pc scales
• Dynamical properties of z $\sim 4.5$ dusty star-forming galaxies and their connection with local early type galaxies
• CEERS Key Paper III: The Diversity of Galaxy Structure and Morphology at z=3-9 with JWST
• The KMOS^3D Survey: data release and final survey paper
• Why stellar feedback promotes disc formation in simulated galaxies
• A Cold, Massive, Rotating Disk Galaxy 1.5 Billion Years after the Big Bang
• A massive stellar bulge in a regularly rotating galaxy 1.2 billion years after the Big Bang
• The Kinematics of z ~ 6 Quasar Host Galaxies
• The KMOS Redshift One Spectroscopic Survey (KROSS): the origin of disk turbulence in z~0.9 star-forming galaxies
• The Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey: II. Physical conditions, origin of [CII] emission, and porosity of the multiphase low-metallicity ISM
• ALMA Characterises the Dust Temperature of z ~ 5.5 Star-Forming Galaxies
• Fast rotating and low-turbulence discs at $z\simeq 4.5$: Dynamical evidence of their evolution into local early-type galaxies
• Spiral morphology in an intensely star-forming disk galaxy more than 12 billion years ago
• WISDOM Project - II: Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in NGC4697
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Kinematic Diversity & Rotation in Massive Star Forming Galaxies at z~4.4-5.9
• Regular rotation and low turbulence in a diverse sample of z ~ 4.5 galaxies observed with ALMA
• A Hard X-ray Test of HCN Enhancements as a Tracer of Embedded Black Hole Growth
• On the Global Mass Distribution in Disk Galaxies
• Systematic difference between ionized and molecular gas velocity dispersion in $z\sim 1-2$ disks and local analogues
• The Molecular Gas Reservoirs of $z\sim 2$ Galaxies: A comparison of CO(1-0) and dust-based molecular gas masses
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: The contribution of major mergers to the galaxy mass assembly at z~5
• Early results from GLASS-JWST XIV: A first morphological atlas of the 1 < z < 5 Universe in the rest-frame optical
• The merger and assembly histories of Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies with TNG50: disk survival through mergers
• The rotation curves of flattened Sersic bulges
• SILCC VII -- Gas kinematics and multiphase outflows of the simulated ISM at high gas surface densities
• The ALMA-ALPAKA survey I: high-resolution CO and [CI] kinematics of star-forming galaxies at z = 0.5-3.5
• Structure Formation in Gas-Rich Galactic Discs with Finite Thickness: From Discs to Rings
• Dynamically cold disks in the early Universe: myth or reality?
• Galaxy Mergers in the Epoch of Reionization I: A JWST Study of Pair Fractions, Merger Rates, and Stellar Mass Accretion Rates at $z=4.5-11.5$
• Kiloparsec view of a typical star-forming galaxy when the Universe was $\sim$1 Gyr old II. Regular rotating disk and evidence for baryon dominance on galactic scales
• MHONGOOSE -- A MeerKAT Nearby Galaxy HI Survey
• ALMA hints at the presence of turbulent disk galaxies at z > 5
• A new look at the infrared properties of z $\sim$ 5 galaxies
• The evolution of turbulent galactic discs: gravitational instability, feedback and accretion
• First Results from the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS): Kinematics of Lensed Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• RC100: Rotation Curves of 100 Massive Star-Forming Galaxies at z=0.6-2.5 Reveal Little Dark Matter on Galactic Scales
• A Comparison of the Stellar, CO and Dust-Continuum Emission from Three, Star-Forming HUDF Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• GA-NIFS: Early-stage feedback in a heavily obscured AGN at $z=4.76$
• Structure and kinematics of a massive galaxy at z ~ 7
• The MUSE Extremely Deep Field: Evidence for SFR-induced cores in dark-matter dominated galaxies at z=1
• From giant clumps to clouds -- III. The connection between star formation and turbulence in the ISM
• ALMA reveals a stable rotating gas disk in a paradoxical low-mass, ultra-dusty galaxy at z = 4.274
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Widespread dust-obscured star formation in typical star-forming galaxies at z=4-6
• Testing Star Formation Laws on Spatially Resolved Regions in a $z\approx 4.3$ Starburst Galaxy
• The interstellar medium distribution, gas kinematics, and system dynamics of the far-infrared luminous quasar SDSS J2310+1855 at $z=6.0$
• GA-NIFS: Multi-phase analysis of a star-forming galaxy at $z\sim 5.5$
• The physical drivers of gas turbulence in simulated disc galaxies
• An extended [CII] halo around a massive star-forming galaxy at z = 5.3
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Gas, dust, and stars in star-forming galaxies when the Universe was ~1 Gyr old I. Survey overview and case studies
• The ALMA-CRISTAL Survey: Spatial extent of [CII] line emission in star-forming galaxies at $z=4-6$
• KURVS: The outer rotation curve shapes and dark matter fractions of $z\sim 1.5$ star-forming galaxies
• J0107a: A Barred Spiral Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at $z=2.467$
• A hidden active galactic nucleus powering bright [O III] nebulae in a protocluster at $z=4.5$ revealed by JWST
• Charting the main sequence of star-forming galaxies out to redshifts z<5.7
• A Robust Study of High-Redshift Galaxies: Unsupervised Machine Learning for Characterising morphology with JWST up to z ~ 8
• A ~600 pc view of the strongly-lensed, massive main sequence galaxy J0901: a baryon-dominated, thick turbulent rotating disk with a clumpy cold gas ring at z = 2.259
• JWST PRIMER: A lack of outshining in four normal z =4-6 galaxies from the ALMA-CRISTAL Survey
• GA-NIFS: A galaxy-wide outflow in a Compton-thick mini-BAL quasar at z = 3.5 probed in emission and absorption
• Kinematics and Mass Distributions for Non-Spherical Deprojected Sérsic Density Profiles and Applications to Multi-Component Galactic Systems
• A Giant Disk Galaxy Two Billion Years After The Big Bang
• JWST and ALMA discern the assembly of structural and obscured components in a high-redshift starburst galaxy
• COSMOS-Web: The emergence of the Hubble Sequence
• JWST reveals a high fraction of disk breaks at $1\le z\le 3$
• The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey: sub-kpc morphology of 3 main-sequence galaxy systems at z~4.5 revealed by ALMA
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Dust temperature and physical conditions of the interstellar medium in a typical galaxy at z=5.66
• A Search for correlations between turbulence and star formation in THINGS galaxies
• Kinematic analysis of $\mathbf{z}=4.3$ galaxies in the SPT2349$-$56 protocluster core
• MIDIS. Near-infrared rest-frame morphology of massive galaxies at $3<z<5$ in the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field
• Assessing the dark matter content of two quasar host galaxies at z~6 through gas kinematics

Cited by in corpus (8)

• The dark side of early galaxies: $\text{geko}$ uncovers dark-matter fractions at $z\sim 4-6$
• The early Universe with JWST and ALMA
• Build-up and survival of the disc: From numerical models of galaxy formation to the Milky Way
• The ALPINE-CRISTAL-JWST Survey: Gas-phase abundance gradients of main sequence star-forming galaxies and their kinematics at $4<z<6$
• Investigating the role of turbulence in the interstellar medium in $z\sim 3$ dusty star-forming galaxies using kpc-resolution ALMA dust and gas maps
• AGN Feedback: The impact of galactic-scale radio jets on the interstellar medium in starbursting obscured AGN
• The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics
• The ALMA View of High-Redshift Galaxy Formation