A ~600 pc view of the strongly-lensed, massive main sequence galaxy J0901: a baryon-dominated, thick turbulent rotating disk with a clumpy cold gas ring at z = 2.259

Abstract

We present a high-resolution kinematic study of the massive main-sequence star-forming galaxy (SFG) SDSS J090122.37+181432.3 (J0901) at z=2.259, using 0.36 arcsec ALMA CO(3-2) and 0.1-0.5 arcsec SINFONI/VLT H-alpha observations. J0901 is a rare, strongly-lensed but otherwise normal massive (log(M_star/M_sun)~11) main sequence SFG, offering a unique opportunity to study a typical massive SFG under the microscope of lensing. Through forward dynamical modeling incorporating lensing deflection, we fit the CO and H-alpha kinematics in the image plane out to about one disk effective radius (R_e ~ 4 kpc) at a ~600pc delensed physical resolution along the kinematic major axis. Our results show high intrinsic dispersions of the cold molecular and warm ionized gas (sig0_mol ~ 40 km/s and sig0_ion ~ 66 km/s) that remain constant out to R_e; a moderately low dark matter fraction (f_DM(R_e) ~ 0.3-0.4) within R_e; and a centrally-peaked Toomre Q-parameter -- agreeing well with the previously established sig0 vs. z, f_DM vs. Sig_baryon, and Q's radial trends using large-sample non-lensed main sequence SFGs. Our data further reveal a high stellar mass concentration within ~1-2 kpc with little molecular gas, and a clumpy molecular gas ring-like structure at R ~ 2-4 kpc, in line with the inside-out quenching scenario. Our further analysis indicates that J0901 had assembled half of its stellar mass only ~400 Myrs before its observed cosmic time, and cold gas ring and dense central stellar component are consistent with signposts of a recent wet compaction event of a highly turbulent disk found in recent simulations.

arXiv comment29 pages and 21 figures in total (14 pages and 10 figures in main text and the rest in appendix). Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (114)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images
• Profiles of dark haloes: evolution, scatter, and environment
• Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models
• Galaxy Bimodality due to Cold Flows and Shock Heating
• Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• The SINS survey: SINFONI Integral Field Spectroscopy of z ~ 2 Star-forming Galaxies
• CASA, the Common Astronomy Software Applications for Radio Astronomy
• Formation of Massive Galaxies at High Redshift: Cold Streams, Clumpy Disks and Compact Spheroids
• An ultra-deep near-infrared spectrum of a compact quiescent galaxy at z=2.2
• Cold dark matter haloes in the Planck era: evolution of structural parameters for Einasto and NFW profiles
• PHIBSS: molecular gas content and scaling relations in z~1-3 normal star forming galaxies
• Morphological quenching of star formation: making early-type galaxies red
• Submillimeter Galaxies at z~2: Evidence for Major Mergers & Constraints on Lifetimes, IMF and CO-H2 Conversion Factor
• The SINS survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: properties of the giant star forming clumps
• PHIBSS: Unified Scaling Relations of Gas Depletion Time and Molecular Gas Fractions
• From rings to bulges: evidence for rapid secular galaxy evolution at z~2 from integral field spectroscopy in the SINS survey
• Combined CO & Dust Scaling Relations of Depletion Time and Molecular Gas Fractions with Cosmic Time, Specific Star Formation Rate and Stellar Mass
• A systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies
• The KMOS^3D Survey: design, first results, and the evolution of galaxy kinematics from 0.7<z<2.7
• High-resolution Millimeter Imaging of Submillimeter Galaxies
• Wet Disc Contraction to Galactic Blue Nuggets and Quenching to Red Nuggets
• SINFONI Integral Field Spectroscopy of z~2 UV-selected Galaxies: Rotation Curves and Dynamical Evolution
• The rapid formation a large rotating disk galaxy three billion years after the Big Bang
• Rapid formation of exponential disks and bulges at high redshift from the dynamical evolution of clump cluster and chain galaxies
• The Evolution of the Star-forming Interstellar Medium across Cosmic Time
• EMERGE - An empirical model for the formation of galaxies since $z\sim 10$
• On Star Formation Rates and Star Formation Histories of Galaxies out to z ~ 3
• Dark Halos: The Flattening of the Density Cusp by Dynamical Friction
• Smooth(er) Stellar Mass Maps in CANDELS: Constraints on the Longevity of Clumps in High-redshift Star-forming Galaxies
• The Kiloparsec-Scale Kinematics of High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies
• The Mass Distribution of SDSS J1004+4112 Revisited
• Bulge Growth and Quenching since z = 2.5 in CANDELS/3D-HST
• The stellar populations of spiral galaxies
• A Unified Model for Galactic Discs: Star Formation, Turbulence Driving, and Mass Transport
• Four phases of angular-momentum buildup in high-z galaxies: from cosmic-web streams through an extended ring to disc and bulge
• The SINS survey: modeling the dynamics of z~2 galaxies and the high-z Tully-Fisher relation
• Strongly baryon-dominated disk galaxies at the peak of galaxy formation ten billion years ago
• High-redshift clumpy discs and bulges in cosmological simulations
• The Mass-Concentration-Redshift Relation of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Validation of the equilibrium model for galaxy evolution to z~3 through molecular gas and dust observations of lensed star-forming galaxies
• The Epoch of Disk Settling: z~1 to Now
• Stellar populations dominated by massive stars in dusty starburst galaxies across cosmic time
• Star-Forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: SINFONI adaptive optics-assisted data and kiloparsec-scale emission line properties
• Evidence for Wide-Spread AGN Driven Outflows in the Most Massive z~1-2 Star Forming Galaxies
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: evidence for gravitational quenching
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: Evidence for powerful AGN-driven nuclear outflows in massive star-forming galaxies
• Evidence for strong dynamical evolution in disk galaxies through the last 11 Gyr. GHASP VIII: A local reference sample of rotating disk galaxies for high redshift studies
• Resolved Spectroscopy of Gravitationally-Lensed Galaxies: Recovering Coherent Velocity Fields in Sub-Luminous z~2-3 Galaxies
• A dynamically cold disk galaxy in the early Universe
• Is Turbulence in the Interstellar Medium Driven by Feedback or Gravity? An Observational Test
• The Evolution and Origin of Ionized Gas Velocity Dispersion from $z\sim 2.6$ to $z\sim 0.6$ with KMOS${}^{3D}$
• Rest-Frame Optical Spectra of Three Strongly Lensed Galaxies at z~2
• Mergers and Mass Accretion Rates in Galaxy Assembly: The Millennium Simulation Compared to Observations of z~2 Galaxies
• Resolved spectroscopy of gravitationally lensed galaxies: global dynamics and star-forming clumps on ~100pc scales
• The angular momentum distribution and baryon content of star forming galaxies at z~1-3
• Dynamical properties of z $\sim 4.5$ dusty star-forming galaxies and their connection with local early type galaxies
• The effects of baryon physics, black holes and AGN feedback on the mass distribution in clusters of galaxies
• High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies: Angular Momentum and Baryon Fraction, Turbulent Pressure Effects and the Origin of Turbulence
• Density profile of dark matter haloes and galaxies in the Horizon-AGN simulation: the impact of AGN feedback
• z~2: An Epoch of Disk Assembly
• Automated Mining of the ALMA Archive in the COSMOS Field (A3COSMOS): II. Cold Molecular Gas Evolution out to Redshift 6
• Resolving the ISM at the peak of cosmic star formation with ALMA - The distribution of CO and dust continuum in z~2.5 sub-millimetre galaxies
• How well can we Measure the Intrinsic Velocity Dispersion of Distant Disk Galaxies?
• The Dawes Review 8: Measuring the Stellar Initial Mass Function
• On the Dynamics and Evolution of Gravitational Instability-Dominated Disks
• Galactic halo cusp-core: tidal compression in mergers
• KMOS^3D: Dynamical constraints on the mass budget in early star-forming disks
• The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) I: dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z $\simeq$ 3.5
• Rotation Curves in z~1-2 Star-Forming Disks: Evidence for Cored Dark Matter Distributions
• The KMOS Redshift One Spectroscopic Survey (KROSS): the origin of disk turbulence in z~0.9 star-forming galaxies
• Falling outer rotation curves of star-forming galaxies at 0.6 < z < 2.6 probed with KMOS^3D and SINS/ZC-SINF
• The evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation between z~2.3 and z~0.9 with KMOS^3D
• GHASP : An Halpha kinematic survey of 203 spiral and irregular galaxies - VII. Revisiting the analysis of Halpha data cubes for 97 galaxies
• PHIBSS: molecular gas, extinction, star formation and kinematics in the z=1.5 star forming galaxy EGS13011166
• A Keck Survey of Gravitationally-Lensed Star-Forming Galaxies: High Spatial Resolution Studies of Kinematics and Metallicity Gradients
• The Molecular and Ionized Gas Phases of an AGN-driven Outflow in a Typical Massive Galaxy at z=2
• Stability of Galactic Gas Disks and the Formation of Massive Clusters
• Disk Growth and Quenching
• Strong FUV fields drive the [CII]/FIR deficit in z~3 dusty, star-forming galaxies
• Ionized and molecular gas kinematics in a z=1.4 star-forming galaxy
• Systematic difference between ionized and molecular gas velocity dispersion in $z\sim 1-2$ disks and local analogues
• Spatially resolved kinematics in the central 1 kpc of a compact star-forming galaxy at z=2.3 from ALMA CO observations
• Empirical constraints on the formation of early-type galaxies
• Rings and Bent Chain Galaxies in the GEMS and GOOD Fields
• High Resolution Imaging of PHIBSS z~2 Main Sequence Galaxies in CO J=1-0
• The Sloan Bright Arcs Survey: Four Strongly Lensed Galaxies with Redshift >2
• Kinematics, Turbulence and Star Formation of z ~1 Strongly Lensed Galaxies seen with MUSE
• Origin of Star-Forming Rings around Massive Centres in Massive Galaxies at $z<4$
• A Comparison of the Stellar, CO and Dust-Continuum Emission from Three, Star-Forming HUDF Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• Ring Galaxies in the EAGLE Hydrodynamical Simulations
• The Dense Molecular Gas and Nuclear Activity in the ULIRG IRAS 13120-5453
• From Nuclear to Circumgalactic: Zooming in on AGN-Driven Outflows at z~2.2 with SINFONI
• KMOS LENsing Survey (KLENS) : morpho-kinematic analysis of star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• The kiloparsec-scale gas kinematics in two star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1.47$ seen with ALMA and VLT-SINFONI
• The Kinematics and Dark Matter Fractions of TNG50 Galaxies at z=2 from an Observational Perspective
• Resolved Molecular Gas and Star Formation Properties of the Strongly Lensed z=2.26 Galaxy SDSS J0901+1814
• Towards sub-kpc scale kinematics of molecular and ionized gas of star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1$
• Core Formation in High-z Massive Haloes: Heating by Post Compaction Satellites and Response to AGN Outflows
• The OSIRIS Lens-Amplified Survey (OLAS) I: Dynamical Effects of Stellar Feedback in Low Mass Galaxies at z ~ 2
• Possible Systematic Rotation in the Mature Stellar Population of a $z=9.1$ Galaxy
• Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Two Lensed Star-forming Galaxies
• High Resolution spatial analysis of a z $\sim$ 2 lensed galaxy using adaptive coadded source-plane reconstruction
• A giant galaxy in the young Universe with a massive ring
• Herschel Extreme Lensing Line Observations: Dynamics of two strongly lensed star forming galaxies near redshift z = 2
• Dark matter cores in massive high-$z$ galaxies formed by baryonic clumps

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Wet Compaction to a Blue Nugget: a Critical Phase in Galaxy Evolution
• RC100: Rotation Curves of 100 Massive Star-Forming Galaxies at z=0.6-2.5 Reveal Little Dark Matter on Galactic Scales
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Resolved kinematic studies of main sequence star-forming galaxies at 4<z<6
• Bulgeless disks, dark galaxies, inverted color gradients, and other expected phenomena at higher z. The chromatic surface brightness modulation (CMOD) effect
• PASSAGES: The Discovery of a Strongly Lensed Protocluster Core Candidate at Cosmic Noon
• A PAH deficit in the starburst core of a distant spiral galaxy
• The ALPINE-CRISTAL-JWST Survey: Gas-phase abundance gradients of main sequence star-forming galaxies and their kinematics at $4<z<6$
• MUSE-DARK-II: 3D morpho-kinematic modelling of lensed galaxies. Tully-Fisher relation of $z\sim 1$ star-forming galaxies