KMOS^3D: Dynamical constraints on the mass budget in early star-forming disks

Abstract

We exploit deep integral-field spectroscopic observations with KMOS/VLT of 240 star-forming disks at 0.6 < z < 2.6 to dynamically constrain their mass budget. Our sample consists of massive ($\gtrsim 10^{9.8}{M}_{\odot }$) galaxies with sizes $R_e\gtrsim 2$ kpc. By contrasting the observed velocity and dispersion profiles to dynamical models, we find that on average the stellar content contributes $32_{-7}^{+8}\%$ of the total dynamical mass, with a significant spread among galaxies (68th percentile range f_star ~ 18 - 62%). Including molecular gas as inferred from CO- and dust-based scaling relations, the estimated baryonic mass adds up to $56_{-12}^{+17}\%$ of total for the typical galaxy in our sample, reaching ~ 90% at z > 2. We conclude that baryons make up most of the mass within the disk regions of high-redshift star-forming disk galaxies, with typical disks at z > 2 being strongly baryon-dominated within $R_e$. Substantial object-to-object variations in both stellar and baryonic mass fractions are observed among the galaxies in our sample, larger than what can be accounted for by the formal uncertainties in their respective measurements. In both cases, the mass fractions correlate most strongly with measures of surface density. High ${\Sigma }_{star}$ galaxies feature stellar mass fractions closer to unity, and systems with high inferred gas or baryonic surface densities leave less room for additional mass components other than stars and molecular gas. Our findings can be interpreted as more extended disks probing further (and more compact disks probing less far) into the dark matter halos that host them.

Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal. Fig. 5 compares stellar and baryonic masses to dynamical masses. Fig. 7 and 9 show the dependence of stellar and baryonic mass fractions on redshift and surface density

References in corpus (31)

• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z=1.1 : The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star-Forming Galaxies
• Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
• The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations
• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
• Introducing the Illustris Project: the evolution of galaxy populations across cosmic time
• 3D-HST WFC3-selected Photometric Catalogs in the Five CANDELS/3D-HST Fields: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts and Stellar Masses
• Constraining the Low-Mass Slope of the Star Formation Sequence at 0.5<z<2.5
• UltraVISTA: a new ultra-deep near-infrared survey in COSMOS
• Combined CO & Dust Scaling Relations of Depletion Time and Molecular Gas Fractions with Cosmic Time, Specific Star Formation Rate and Stellar Mass
• A systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies
• The KMOS^3D Survey: design, first results, and the evolution of galaxy kinematics from 0.7<z<2.7
• Structure and Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies from Integral-Field Spectroscopy
• The Atomic to Molecular Transition in Galaxies. II: HI and H_2 Column Densities
• Evidence for Mature Bulges and an Inside-out Quenching Phase 3 Billion Years After the Big Bang
• Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z=4 and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation
• Scaling Relations of Spiral Galaxies
• The KMOS Redshift One Spectroscopic Survey (KROSS): Dynamical properties, gas and dark matter fractions of typical z~1 star-forming galaxies
• HI-to-H2 Transitions and H I Column Densities in Galaxy Star-Forming Regions
• Galactic Angular Momentum in the Illustris Simulation: Feedback and the Hubble Sequence
• Geometry of Star-Forming Galaxies from SDSS, 3D-HST and CANDELS
• Halo Mass and Assembly History Exposed in the Faint Outskirts: the Stellar and Dark Matter Haloes of Illustris Galaxies
• Sub-kpc ALMA imaging of compact star-forming galaxies at z~2.5: revealing the formation of dense galactic cores in the progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies
• Dust continuum emission as a tracer of gas mass in galaxies
• The link between the assembly of the inner dark matter halo and the angular momentum evolution of galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
• The effect of baryons on the inner density profiles of rich clusters
• Keck-I MOSFIRE spectroscopy of compact star-forming galaxies at z$\gtrsim$2: High velocity dispersions in progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies
• On the Global Mass Distribution in Disk Galaxies
• The rotation curves of flattened Sersic bulges
• Revisiting the role of the Thermally-Pulsating Asymptotic Giant Branch phase in high-redshift galaxies

Cited by in corpus (89)

• PHIBSS: Unified Scaling Relations of Gas Depletion Time and Molecular Gas Fractions
• A Unified Model for Galactic Discs: Star Formation, Turbulence Driving, and Mass Transport
• Strongly baryon-dominated disk galaxies at the peak of galaxy formation ten billion years ago
• Star-Forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: SINFONI adaptive optics-assisted data and kiloparsec-scale emission line properties
• Rotation in [CII]-emitting gas in two galaxies at a redshift of 6.8
• The KMOS^3D Survey: Demographics and Properties of Galactic Outflows at z = 0.6 - 2.7
• The Evolution and Origin of Ionized Gas Velocity Dispersion from $z\sim 2.6$ to $z\sim 0.6$ with KMOS${}^{3D}$
• The KMOS^3D Survey: data release and final survey paper
• Resolving the ISM at the peak of cosmic star formation with ALMA - The distribution of CO and dust continuum in z~2.5 sub-millimetre galaxies
• Bulge-forming galaxies with an extended rotating disk at z~2
• RUBIES: Evolved Stellar Populations with Extended Formation Histories at $z\sim 7-8$ in Candidate Massive Galaxies Identified with JWST/NIRSpec
• The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) I: dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z $\simeq$ 3.5
• Rotation Curves in z~1-2 Star-Forming Disks: Evidence for Cored Dark Matter Distributions
• Falling outer rotation curves of star-forming galaxies at 0.6 < z < 2.6 probed with KMOS^3D and SINS/ZC-SINF
• The evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation between z~2.3 and z~0.9 with KMOS^3D
• Spiral morphology in an intensely star-forming disk galaxy more than 12 billion years ago
• Metallicity Fluctuation Statistics in the Interstellar Medium and Young Stars. I. Variance and Correlation
• Spatially Resolved Stellar Kinematics from LEGA-C: Increased Rotational Support in z~0.8 Quiescent Galaxies
• Rotating starburst cores in massive galaxies at z=2.5
• Morpheus Reveals Distant Disk Galaxy Morphologies with JWST: The First AI/ML Analysis of JWST Images
• Molecular Gas Contents and Scaling Relations for Massive Passive Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts from the LEGA-C Survey
• The WISSH QSOs project IX. Cold gas content and environment of luminous QSOs at z~2.4-4.7
• Ionized and molecular gas kinematics in a z=1.4 star-forming galaxy
• Being KLEVER at cosmic noon: ionised gas outflows are inconspicuous in low-mass star-forming galaxies but prominent in massive AGN hosts
• A dynamical measure of the black hole mass in a quasar 11 billion years ago
• The rapid onset of stellar bars in the baryon-dominated centers of disk galaxies
• Spatially resolved kinematics in the central 1 kpc of a compact star-forming galaxy at z=2.3 from ALMA CO observations
• The MOSDEF Survey: Kinematic and Structural Evolution of Star-Forming Galaxies at $1.4\le z\le 3.8$
• Dynamical Characterization of Galaxies at z~4-6 via Tilted Ring Fitting to ALMA [CII] Observations
• The Shapes of the Rotation Curves of Star-forming Galaxies Over the Last $\approx$10 Gyr
• Merger driven star-formation activity in Cl J1449+0856 at z=1.99 as seen by ALMA and JVLA
• A radio-to-mm census of star-forming galaxies in protocluster 4C23.56 at z=2.5 : Gas mass and its fraction revealed with ALMA
• Kiloparsec view of a typical star-forming galaxy when the Universe was $\sim$1 Gyr old II. Regular rotating disk and evidence for baryon dominance on galactic scales
• The KMOS${}^{3D}$ Survey: rotating compact star forming galaxies and the decomposition of integrated line widths
• AGN feedback in a galaxy merger: Multi-phase, galaxy-scale outflows including a fast molecular gas blob ~6 kpc away from IRAS F08572+3915
• Assessing the sources of reionisation: a spectroscopic case study of a 30$\times$ lensed galaxy at $z\sim 5$ with Lyα, CIV, MgII, and [NeIII]
• KROSS-SAMI: A Direct IFS Comparison of the Tully-Fisher Relation Across 8 Gyr Since $z\approx 1$
• Dynamical effects of the scale invariance of the empty space: The fall of dark matter ?
• Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies In Enzo (FOGGIE). IV. The Stochasticity of Ram Pressure Stripping in Galactic Halos
• The evolution of turbulent galactic discs: gravitational instability, feedback and accretion
• RC100: Rotation Curves of 100 Massive Star-Forming Galaxies at z=0.6-2.5 Reveal Little Dark Matter on Galactic Scales
• The kinematics of massive quiescent galaxies at $1.4<z<2.1$: dark matter fractions, IMF variation, and the relation to local early-type galaxies
• Reconstructing the Assembly of Massive Galaxies. I: The Importance of the Progenitor Effect in the Observed Properties of Quiescent Galaxies at $z\approx 2$
• What drives the velocity dispersion of ionized gas in star-forming galaxies?
• The MUSE Extremely Deep Field: Evidence for SFR-induced cores in dark-matter dominated galaxies at z=1
• Dust in the Wind: Composition and Kinematics of Galaxy Outflows at the Peak Epoch of Star Formation
• Inferring gas-phase metallicity gradients of galaxies at the seeing limit: A forward modelling approach
• From Nuclear to Circumgalactic: Zooming in on AGN-Driven Outflows at z~2.2 with SINFONI
• Neutral versus ionized gas kinematics at z~2.6: The AGN-host starburst galaxy PKS 0529-549
• ALMA constraints on star-forming gas in a prototypical z=1.5 clumpy galaxy: the dearth of CO(5-4) emission from UV-bright clumps
• The Kinematics and Dark Matter Fractions of TNG50 Galaxies at z=2 from an Observational Perspective
• Cross-calibration of CO- vs dust-based gas masses and assessment of the dynamical mass budget in Herschel-SDSS Stripe82 galaxies
• The average dust attenuation curve at z~1.3 based on HST grism surveys
• ALMA shows that gas reservoirs of star-forming disks over the past 3 billion years are not predominantly molecular
• Kinematics of the SN Refsdal host revealed by MUSE: a regularly rotating spiral galaxy at z~1.5
• KURVS: The outer rotation curve shapes and dark matter fractions of $z\sim 1.5$ star-forming galaxies
• The dawn of disks: unveiling the turbulent ionised gas kinematics of the galaxy population at $z\sim 4-6$ with JWST/NIRCam grism spectroscopy
• A ~600 pc view of the strongly-lensed, massive main sequence galaxy J0901: a baryon-dominated, thick turbulent rotating disk with a clumpy cold gas ring at z = 2.259
• Stellar populations and star formation histories of the most extreme [OIII] emitters at $z=1.3-3.7$
• Core Formation in High-z Massive Haloes: Heating by Post Compaction Satellites and Response to AGN Outflows
• The OSIRIS Lens-Amplified Survey (OLAS) I: Dynamical Effects of Stellar Feedback in Low Mass Galaxies at z ~ 2
• Evaluating Galaxy Dynamical Masses From Kinematics and Jeans Equilibrium in Simulations
• Evidence of a Flat Outer Rotation Curve in a Starbursting Disk Galaxy at $z=1.6$
• Galaxy morphologies at cosmic noon with JWST: A foundation for exploring gas transport with bars and spiral arms
• The Tully-Fisher relation in dense groups at $z\sim 0.7$ in the MAGIC survey
• The major mechanism to drive turbulence in star-forming galaxies
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Resolved kinematic studies of main sequence star-forming galaxies at 4<z<6
• Kinematics and Mass Distributions for Non-Spherical Deprojected Sérsic Density Profiles and Applications to Multi-Component Galactic Systems
• Dark Matter Fraction in z~1 Star-Forming Galaxies
• Feedback and dynamical masses in high-$z$ galaxies: the advent of high-resolution NIRSpec spectroscopy
• Tightly coupled morpho-kinematic evolution for massive star-forming and quiescent galaxies across 7 Gyr of cosmic time
• Spectroscopic confirmation of a gravitationally lensed Lyman break galaxy at z${}_{[CII]}$ = 6.827 using NOEMA
• UV-Bright Star-Forming Clumps and Their Host Galaxies in UVCANDELS at 0.5 $\le$ z $\le$ 1
• Can $\Lambda$CDM model reproduce MOND-like behavior?
• The ALMA-CRISTAL survey: Extended [CII] emission in an interacting galaxy system at z ~ 5.5
• NOEMA${}^{3D}$: A first kpc resolution study of a $z\sim 1.5$ main sequence barred galaxy channeling gas into a growing bulge
• Tully-Fisher Relation of Late-type Galaxies at $0.6\le z\le 2.5$
• The Halo Masses of Galaxies to $z\sim 3$: A Hybrid Observational and Theoretical Approach
• Simulating gas kinematic studies of high-redshift galaxies with the HARMONI Integral Field Spectrograph
• Dark Matter Fraction in Disk-Like Galaxies Over the Past 10 Gyr
• The ALMA-CRISTAL Survey: Complex kinematics of the galaxies at the end of the Reionization Era
• The dark side of early galaxies: $\text{geko}$ uncovers dark-matter fractions at $z\sim 4-6$
• Beyond the stars: Linking H$\alpha$ sizes, kinematics, and star formation in galaxies at $z\approx 4-6$ with JWST grism surveys and $\text{geko}$
• Assessing the dark matter content of two quasar host galaxies at z~6 through gas kinematics
• "Dust Giant": Extended and Clumpy Star-Formation in a Massive Dusty Galaxy at $z=1.38$
• A Shallow Slope for the Stellar Mass--Angular Momentum Relation of Star-Forming Galaxies at $1.5<z<2.5$
• The ALPINE-CRISTAL-JWST Survey: Gas-phase abundance gradients of main sequence star-forming galaxies and their kinematics at $4<z<6$
• Rotation Curves in z~1-2 Star-Forming Disks: Comparison of Dark Matter Fractions and Disk Properties for Different Fitting Methods