Detailed dust modelling in the L-Galaxies semi-analytic model of galaxy formation

Abstract

We implement a detailed dust model into the L-Galaxies semi-analytical model which includes: injection of dust by type II and type Ia supernovae (SNe) and AGB stars; grain growth in molecular clouds; and destruction due to supernova-induced shocks, star formation, and reheating. Our grain growth model follows the dust content in molecular clouds and the inter-cloud medium separately, and allows growth only on pre-existing dust grains. At early times, this can make a significant difference to the dust growth rate. Above $z\sim 8$, type II SNe are the primary source of dust, whereas below $z\sim 8$, grain growth in molecular clouds dominates, with the total dust content being dominated by the latter below $z\sim 6$. However, the detailed history of galaxy formation is important for determining the dust content of any individual galaxy. We introduce a fit to the dust-to-metal (DTM) ratio as a function of metallicity and age, which can be used to deduce the DTM ratio of galaxies at any redshift. At $z\lesssim 3$, we find a fairly flat mean relation between metallicity and the DTM, and a positive correlation between metallicity and the dust-to-gas (DTG) ratio, in good agreement with the shape and normalisation of the observed relations. We also match the normalisation of the observed stellar mass -- dust mass relation over the redshift range of $0-4$, and to the dust mass function at $z=0$. Our results are important in interpreting observations on the dust content of galaxies across cosmic time, particularly so at high redshift.

19 pages, 16 figures. Edits: Corrected equation 15 and its parameters. Accepted in MNRAS

References in corpus (28)

• Infrared Emission from Interstellar Dust. IV. The Silicate-Graphite-PAH Model in the Post-Spitzer Era
• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• A simple model to interpret the ultraviolet, optical and infrared emission from galaxies
• Simba: Cosmological Simulations with Black Hole Growth and Feedback
• A Unified Representation of Gas-Phase Element Depletions in the Interstellar Medium
• Chemical enrichment in cosmological, smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations
• The Role of Pressure in GMC Formation II: The H_2 - Pressure Relation
• An ALMA survey of Sub-millimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Physical properties derived from ultraviolet-to-radio modelling
• A dusty, normal galaxy in the epoch of reionization
• Modelling the nebular emission from primeval to present-day star-forming galaxies
• Evolution of interstellar dust and stardust in the solar neighbourhood
• Are Dusty Galaxies Blue? Insights on UV Attenuation from Dust-Selected Galaxies
• DustPedia - A Definitive Study of Cosmic Dust in the Local Universe
• Galaxy Simulation with Dust Formation and Destruction
• Dust production 680-850 million years after the Big Bang
• Dust origin in late-type dwarf galaxies: ISM growth vs. type II supernovae
• Elemental Abundances in Milky Way-like Galaxies from a Hierarchical Galaxy Formation Model
• Evolution of the dust-to-metals ratio in high-redshift galaxies probed by GRB-DLAs
• New constraints on dust emission and UV attenuation of z=6.5-7.5 galaxies from millimeter observations
• Dust-depletion sequences in damped Lyman-α absorbers: a unified picture from low-metallicity systems to the Galaxy
• Dust scaling relations in a cosmological simulation
• The influence of supernova remnants on the interstellar medium in the Large Magellanic Cloud seen at 20--600 $\mu$m wavelengths
• Thermal and nonthermal dust sputtering in hydrodynamical simulations of the multiphase interstellar medium
• Interpreting the evolution of galaxy colours from $z=8$ to $z=5$
• Dust formation, evolution, and obscuration effects in the very high-redshift universe
• On the dust content of galaxy clusters
• Dust Obscured Star Forming Galaxies in the Early Universe
• The sudden appearance of dust in the early Universe

Cited by in corpus (55)

• The Cosmic Baryon and Metal Cycles
• Introducing the THESAN project: radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the epoch of reionization
• On the Stellar Populations of Galaxies at z=9-11: The Growth of Metals and Stellar Mass at Early Times
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: the dust content of $z\sim 7$ Lyman Break Galaxies
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: The Dust-obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at Redshift 7
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) V: The redshift frontier
• The origin of dust in galaxies across cosmic time
• The gas and stellar content of a metal-poor galaxy at $z=8.496$ as revealed by JWST and ALMA
• An empirical study of dust properties at the earliest epochs
• The assembly of dusty galaxies at $z\ge 4$: the build-up of stellar mass and its scaling relations with hints from early JWST data
• Evolution of Galaxy Star Formation and Metallicity: Impact on Double Compact Objects Mergers
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) IV: The size evolution of galaxies at $z\ge 5$
• A new look at the infrared properties of z $\sim$ 5 galaxies
• The Evolving Interstellar Medium of Star-Forming Galaxies, as traced by $\text{Stardust}$
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Dust mass budget in the early Universe
• Self-consistent modelling of aromatic dust species and extinction curves in galaxy evolution
• Galaxies with grains: unraveling dust evolution and extinction curves with hydrodynamical simulations
• The MillenniumTNG Project: Semi-analytic galaxy formation models on the past lightcone
• A Dusty Locale: Evolution of Galactic Dust Populations from Milky Way to Dwarf-Mass Galaxies
• Dust evolution with MUPPI in cosmological volumes
• A Framework for Modeling Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission in Galaxy Evolution Simulations
• DUSTiER (DUST in the Epoch of Reionization): dusty galaxies in cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the Epoch of Reionization with RAMSES-CUDATON
• The cosmic build-up of dust and metals. Accurate abundances from GRB-selected star-forming galaxies at $1.7<z<6.3$
• In pursuit of giants: II. Evolution of dusty quiescent galaxies over the last six billion years from the hCOSMOS survey
• The 300 pc resolution imaging of a z = 8.31 galaxy: Turbulent ionized gas and potential stellar feedback 600 million years after the Big Bang
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) VI: The colour evolution of galaxies $z=5-15$
• The dust-to-gas mass ratio of luminous galaxies as a function of their metallicity at cosmic noon
• Late-time cosmic evolution of dust: solving the puzzle
• The $z\lesssim 1$ drop of cosmic dust abundance in a semi-analytic framework
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XIII: The Lyman-continuum emission of high-redshift galaxies
• The cold interstellar medium of a normal sub-$L^{\star }$ galaxy at the end of reionization
• Exploring the relation between dust mass and galaxy properties using Dusty SAGE
• Unveiling the main sequence of galaxies at $z\ge 5$ with the James Webb Space Telescope: predictions from simulations
• Starduster: A multi-wavelength SED model based on radiative transfer simulations and deep learning
• The impact of carbon and oxygen abundances on the metal-poor initial mass function
• A Dusty Dawn: Galactic Dust Buildup at $z\gtrsim 5$
• Dust grain size evolution in local galaxies: a comparison between observations and simulations
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XII: The consequences of star-dust geometry on galaxies in the EoR
• Modelling the evolution and influence of dust in cosmological simulations that include the cold phase of the interstellar medium
• Evolution of the grain size distribution in Milky Way-like galaxies in post-processed IllustrisTNG simulations
• A${}^3$COSMOS: the dust mass function and dust mass density at $0.5<z<6$
• Cosmic evolution of grain size distribution in galaxies using the ${\nu }^2$GC semi-analytic model
• CEERS: Forging the First Dust Grains in the Universe? A Population of Galaxies with spectroscopically-derived Extremely Low Dust Attenuation (GELDA) at 4.0<z<11.4
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Unveiling the baryon evolution in the ISM of $z\sim 5$ star-forming galaxies
• A Bayesian chemical evolution model of the DustPedia Galaxy M74
• Dust SEDs in Milky Way-like galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations based on the evolution of grain size distribution
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XVI: Size Evolution of Massive Dusty Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn from UV to IR
• Unveiling dust, molecular gas, and high star formation efficiency in extremely UV bright star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 2.1-3.6$
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Dust mass measurements as a function of redshift, stellar-mass and star formation rate, from z=1 to z=5
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) III: The properties of massive dusty galaxies at cosmic dawn
• Massive Star Clusters in the Semi-Analytical Galaxy Formation Model L-Galaxies 2020
• The contribution of stars, dust, neutral gas and supermassive black holes in galaxies to the cosmic baryon inventory
• The Nature of High-Redshift Massive Quiescent Galaxies -- Searching for RUBIES-UDS-QG-z7 in FLARES
• Observed cosmic evolution of galaxy dust properties with metallicity and tensions with models
• The ALMA View of High-Redshift Galaxy Formation