Tracing the galaxy-halo connection with galaxy clustering in COSMOS-Web from z = 0.1 to z ~ 12

Abstract

We explore the evolving relationship between galaxies and their dark matter halos from $z\sim 0.1$ to $z\sim 12$ using mass-limited angular clustering measurements in the 0.54 deg${}^2$ of the COSMOS-Web survey. This study provides the first measurements of the mass-limited two-point correlation function at $z\ge 10$ and a consistent analysis spanning 13.4 Gyr of cosmic history, setting new benchmarks for future simulations and models. Using a halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework, we derive characteristic halo masses and the stellar-to-halo mass relationship (SHMR) across redshifts and stellar mass bins. Our results first indicate that HOD models fit data at $z\ge 2.5$ best when incorporating a non-linear scale-dependent halo bias, boosting clustering at non-linear scales (r = 10-100 kpc). We find that galaxies at z > 10.5 with $\log (M_{\star }/M_{\odot })\ge 8.85$ are hosted by halos with $M_{\mathrm{h}}\sim 10^{10.5}{M}_{\odot }$, achieving a star formation efficiency (SFE) $M_{\star }/(f_b{M}_{\mathrm{h}})$ up to 1 dex higher than at $z\le 1$. The high galaxy bias at $z\ge 8$ suggests that these galaxies reside in massive halos with intrinsic high SFE. Our SHMR evolves significantly with redshift, starting high at $z\ge 10.5$, decreasing until $z\sim 2-3$, then increasing again until the present. Current simulations fail to reproduce both massive high-$z$ galaxies and this evolution, while semi-empirical models linking SFE to halo mass, accretion rates, and redshift align with our findings. We propose that $z>8$ galaxies experience bursty star formation without significant feedback altering their growth, driving the rapid growth of massive galaxies observed by JWST. Over time, increasing feedback efficiency and exponential halo growth suppress star formation. At $z\sim 2-3$ and after, halo growth slows down while star formation continues, supported by gas reservoirs in halos.

arXiv comment28 pages (5 in appendix), 17 figures ; Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

References in corpus (137)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
• The broken hierarchy of galaxy formation
• Statistical Properties of X-ray Clusters: Analytic and Numerical Comparisons
• The Average Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Dark Matter Halos from z=0-8
• Stable clustering, the halo model and nonlinear cosmological power spectra
• Halo Models of Large Scale Structure
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: matter and galaxy clustering
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the stellar mass content of groups and clusters of galaxies
• Accurate photometric redshifts for the CFHT Legacy Survey calibrated using the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey
• New Insight on Galaxy Formation and Evolution from Keck Spectroscopy of the Hawaii Deep Fields
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the galaxy color bimodality
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: A tale of two elements -- chemical evolution of magnesium and europium
• UniverseMachine: The Correlation between Galaxy Growth and Dark Matter Halo Assembly from z=0-10
• The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and Survey Design
• The formation history of elliptical galaxies
• Halo occupation numbers and galaxy bias
• The Large Scale Bias of Dark Matter Halos: Numerical Calibration and Model Tests
• Dark matter halo concentrations in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe year 5 cosmology
• Theoretical Models of the Halo Occupation Distribution: Separating Central and Satellite Galaxies
• Dancing in the dark: galactic properties trace spin swings along the cosmic web
• Gas-regulation of galaxies: the evolution of the cosmic sSFR, the metallicity-mass-SFR relation and the stellar content of haloes
• UltraVISTA: a new ultra-deep near-infrared survey in COSMOS
• The Luminosity and Color Dependence of the Galaxy Correlation Function
• The Connection between Galaxies and their Dark Matter Halos
• Modeling Luminosity-Dependent Galaxy Clustering Through Cosmic Time
• The COSMOS Survey: Hubble Space Telescope / Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST/ACS) Observations and Data Processing
• Galaxy Evolution from Halo Occupation Distribution Modeling of DEEP2 and SDSS Galaxy Clustering
• First Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• A population of red candidate massive galaxies ~600 Myr after the Big Bang
• Dust Attenuation Curves in the Local Universe: Demographics and New Laws for Star-forming Galaxies and High-redshift Analogs
• A Comprehensive Study on Galaxies at z~9-16 Found in the Early JWST Data: UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star-Formation History at the Pre-Reionization Epoch
• CEERS Key Paper I: An Early Look into the First 500 Myr of Galaxy Formation with JWST
• Connecting Galaxies, Halos, and Star Formation Rates Across Cosmic Time
• Scaling relations for galaxy clusters in the Millennium-XXL simulation
• COSMOS2020: A panchromatic view of the Universe to $z\sim 10$ from two complementary catalogs
• zCOSMOS - 10k-bright spectroscopic sample. The bimodality in the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function: exploring its evolution with redshift
• Two Remarkably Luminous Galaxy Candidates at $z\approx 10-12$ Revealed by JWST
• EMERGE - An empirical model for the formation of galaxies since $z\sim 10$
• An accurate halo model for fitting non-linear cosmological power spectra and baryonic feedback models
• New Determinations of the UV Luminosity Functions from z~9 to z~2 show a remarkable consistency with halo growth and a constant star formation efficiency
• On the Mass-to-Light Ratio of Large Scale Structure
• The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Subaru Observations of the HST COSMOS Field
• Third Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• A Long Time Ago in a Galaxy Far, Far Away: A Candidate z ~ 12 Galaxy in Early JWST CEERS Imaging
• Hierarchical galaxy formation and substructure in the Galaxy's stellar halo
• The Skewness of the Aperture Mass Statistic
• Galaxy formation in WMAP1 and WMAP7 cosmologies
• Toy Models for Galaxy Formation versus Simulations
• A Cosmic Variance Cookbook
• Efficient Formation of Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn by Feedback-Free Starbursts
• Measuring the Redshift Evolution of Clustering: the Hubble Deep Field South
• The impact of nebular emission on the ages of z~6 galaxies
• Natural Downsizing in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
• A redshift-independent efficiency model: star formation and stellar masses in dark matter halos at z>4
• Spectroscopic confirmation of two luminous galaxies at $z\sim 14$
• Cosmological Constraints from a Combination of Galaxy Clustering and Lensing -- I. Theoretical Framework
• Introducing the THESAN project: radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the epoch of reionization
• On the stunning abundance of super-early, massive galaxies revealed by JWST
• Galaxy Protoclusters as Drivers of Cosmic Star-Formation History in the First 2 Gyr
• The brightest galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
• The BlueTides Simulation: First Galaxies and Reionization
• The role of mergers and halo spin in shaping galaxy morphology
• Encoding the infrared excess (IRX) in the NUVrK color diagram for star-forming galaxies
• Subaru Deep Survey VI. A Census of Lyman Break Galaxies at z=4 and 5 in the Subaru Deep Fields: Clustering Properties
• Constraints on the Star Formation Efficiency of Galaxies During the Epoch of Reionization
• Simultaneous Multicolor Detection of Faint Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field
• The Large-scale and Small-scale Clustering of Lyman-Break Galaxies at 3.5 < z< 5.5 from the GOODS survey
• Introducing Decorated HODs: modeling assembly bias in the galaxy-halo connection
• Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions from z~10 to z~6 using the Deepest Spitzer/IRAC Data: No Significant Evolution in the Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratio of Galaxies in the First Gyr of Cosmic Time
• Life beyond 30: probing the -20<M_UV<-17 luminosity function at 8<z<13 with the NIRCam parallel field of the MIRI Deep Survey
• The galaxy-halo connection from a joint lensing, clustering and abundance analysis in the CFHTLenS/VIPERS field
• Dusty Starbursts Masquerading as Ultra-high Redshift Galaxies in JWST CEERS Observations
• Star formation quenching in massive galaxies
• GOLDRUSH. II. Clustering of Galaxies at $z\sim 4-6$ Revealed with the Half-Million Dropouts Over the 100 deg${}^2$ Area Corresponding to 1 Gpc${}^3$
• Evolution of Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratio at z=0-7 Identified by Clustering Analysis with the Hubble Legacy Imaging and Early Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey Data
• A theoretical framework for combining techniques that probe the link between galaxies and dark matter
• The Angular Correlation Function and Hierarchical Moments of 70000 Faint Galaxies to R=23.5
• Are the ultra-high-redshift galaxies at z > 10 surprising in the context of standard galaxy formation models?
• Balancing the efficiency and stochasticity of star formation with dust extinction in z > 10 galaxies observed by JWST
• The Subaru COSMOS 20: Subaru Optical Imaging of the HST COSMOS Field with 20 Filters
• Galaxy Build-up in the first 1.5 Gyr of Cosmic History: Insights from the Stellar Mass Function at $z\sim 4-9$ from JWST NIRCam Observations
• The Obelisk simulation: galaxies contribute more than AGN to HI reionization of protoclusters
• COSMOS2020: The cosmic evolution of the stellar-to-halo mass relation for central and satellite galaxies up to z~5
• Measurement of Galaxy Clustering at z~7.2 and the Evolution of Galaxy Bias from 3.8<z<8 in the XDF, GOODS-S AND GOODS-N
• Feedback-Free Starbursts at Cosmic Dawn: Observable Predictions for JWST
• CARS: The CFHTLS-Archive-Research Survey III. First detection of cosmic magnification in samples of normal high-z galaxies
• Introducing the FirstLight project: UV luminosity function and scaling relations of primeval galaxies
• CEERS Key Paper IV: Galaxies at $4<z<9$ are Bluer than They Appear -- Characterizing Galaxy Stellar Populations from Rest-Frame $\sim 1$ micron Imaging
• Clustering and Halo Abundances in Early Dark Energy Cosmological Models
• Spitzer Matching survey of the UltraVISTA ultra-deep Stripes (SMUVS): Full-mission IRAC Mosaics and Catalogs
• Probing the galaxy-halo connection in UltraVISTA to $z\sim 2$
• Horizon-AGN virtual observatory - 1. SED-fitting performance and forecasts for future imaging surveys
• The halo model for cosmology: a pedagogical review
• The rest-frame optical (900nm) galaxy luminosity function at z~4-7: abundance matching points to limited evolution in the Mstar/Mhalo ratio at z>4
• COSMOS-Web: stellar mass assembly in relation to dark matter halos across $0.2<z<12$ of cosmic history
• Breaking degeneracies in the first galaxies with clustering
• Cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters with feedback from active galactic nuclei: profiles and scaling relations
• The impact of an evolving stellar initial mass function on early galaxies and reionisation
• TheHaloMod: An online calculator for the halo model
• Constraints on the Faint End of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function at z ~ 4-8 from Deep JWST Data
• The evolution of clustering length, large-scale bias and host halo mass at 2<z<5 in the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS)
• Galaxy Mergers in the Epoch of Reionization I: A JWST Study of Pair Fractions, Merger Rates, and Stellar Mass Accretion Rates at $z=4.5-11.5$
• Clustering of i-dropout galaxies at z=6 in GOODS and the UDF
• Including beyond-linear halo bias in halo models
• $\text{Mangrove}$: Learning Galaxy Properties from Merger Trees
• Dust attenuation law in JWST galaxies at z = 7-8
• JWST UNCOVER: The Overabundance of Ultraviolet-luminous Galaxies at $z>9$
• Astraeus II: Quantifying the impact of cosmic variance during the Epoch of Reionization
• An high definition view of the COSMOS Wall at z~0.73
• Environmental Quenching and Galactic Conformity in the Galaxy Cross-Correlation Signal
• Weak lensing in the Horizon-AGN simulation lightcone. Small scale baryonic effects
• The Galaxy-Halo Connection for $1.5\lesssim z\lesssim 5$ as revealed by the \emph{Spitzer} Matching survey of the UltraVISTA ultra-deep Stripes
• On-sky characterisation of the VISTA NB118 narrow-band filters at 1.19 micron
• The clustering of the first galaxy halos
• Understanding the non-linear clustering of high redshift galaxies
• Spatial Clustering of High Redshift Lyman Break Galaxies
• The Subaru HSC Galaxy Clustering with Photometric Redshift I: Dark Halo Masses Versus Baryonic Properties of Galaxies at 0.3<z<1.4
• On the Significance of Rare Objects at High Redshift: The Impact of Cosmic Variance
• The mass-metallicity relation as a ruler for galaxy evolution: insights from the James Webb Space Telescope
• The environment and host haloes of the brightest z~6 Lyman-break galaxies
• The clustering of dark matter halos: scale-dependent bias on quasi-linear scales
• Using angular two-point correlations to self-calibrate the photometric redshift distributions of DECaLS DR9
• Cosmic Reionization On Computers: The Galaxy-Halo Connection between $5\le z\le 10$
• Galaxy clustering at cosmic dawn from JWST/NIRCam observations to redshift z$\sim$11
• HOD modelling of high redshift galaxies using the BLUETIDES simulation
• Solution to the conflict between the resolved and unresolved galaxy stellar mass estimation from the perspective of JWST
• The Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratios of Passive and Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2-3 from the SMUVS survey
• Galaxy clustering measurements out to redshift z$\sim$8 from Hubble Legacy Fields
• Can Early Dark Energy be Probed by the High-Redshift Galaxy Abundance?
• Comparing Galaxy Clustering in Horizon-AGN Simulated Lightcone Mocks and VIDEO Observations
• Why do semi-analytic models predict higher scatter in the stellar mass-halo mass relation than cosmological hydrodynamic simulations?
• The clustering properties of high-redshift passive galaxies

Cited by in corpus (9)

• COSMOS2025: The COSMOS-Web galaxy catalog of photometry, morphology, redshifts, and physical parameters from JWST, HST, and ground-based imaging
• Probing Reionization-Era Galaxies with JWST UV Luminosity Functions and Large-Scale Clustering
• The dark side of early galaxies: $\text{geko}$ uncovers dark-matter fractions at $z\sim 4-6$
• Kinematic scaling relations of disc galaxies from ionised gas at $z\sim 1$ and their connection with dark matter haloes
• The stellar mass function of quiescent and star-forming galaxies and its dependence on morphology in COSMOS-Web
• Cosmic Vine: High abundance of massive galaxies and dark matter halos in a forming cluster at z=3.44
• Relatively Fast and Reasonably Furious: Evidence for Increased Burstiness in Smaller Halos at Cosmic Dawn
• MUSE-DARK-II: 3D morpho-kinematic modelling of lensed galaxies. Tully-Fisher relation of $z\sim 1$ star-forming galaxies
• Mapping the z>=5 SiIV Column Density Distribution onto the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function Using the Cumulative Absorption Cross Section