Dual constraints with ALMA: new [O III] 88 $\mu$m and dust-continuum observations reveal the ISM conditions of luminous LBGs at $z\sim 7$

Abstract

We present new [O III] 88 $\mu$m observations of five bright $z\sim 7$ Lyman-break galaxies spectroscopically confirmed by ALMA through the [C II] 158 $\mu$m line, unlike recent [O III] detections where Lyman-$\alpha$ was used. This nearly doubles the sample of Epoch of Reionisation galaxies with robust ($5\sigma$) detections of [C II] and [O III]. We perform a multi-wavelength comparison with new deep HST images of the rest-frame UV, whose compact morphology aligns well with [O III] tracing ionised gas. By contrast, we find more spatially extended [C II] emission likely produced in neutral gas, as indicated by a [N II] 205 $\mu$m non-detection in one source. We find a positive correlation between the equivalent width of the optical [O III] and H$\beta$ lines and the [O III]/[C II] ratio, as seen in local metal-poor dwarf galaxies. Cloudy models of a nebula of typical density harbouring a young stellar population with a high ionisation parameter appear to adequately reproduce the far-infrared lines. Surprisingly, however, our models fail to reproduce the strength of [O III] 88 $\mu$m, unless we assume an $\alpha$/Fe enhancement and a near-solar nebular oxygen abundance. On spatially resolved scales, we find [O III]/[C II] shows a tentative anti-correlation with infrared excess, $L_{\mathrm{IR}}/L_{\mathrm{UV}}$, also seen on global scales in the local Universe. Finally, we introduce the far-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting code MERCURIUS to show that dust-continuum measurements of one source appear to favour a low dust temperature coupled with a high dust mass. This implies a high stellar metallicity yield and may point towards the need of dust production or grain-growth mechanisms beyond supernovae.

23 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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