High [OIII]/[CII] surface brightness ratios trace early starburst galaxies

Abstract

We study the impact of deviations from the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation (quantified by the `burstiness' parameter ${\kappa }_s$), gas metallicity ($Z$), and density ($n$) on the observed [OIII]88$\mu$m/[CII]158$\mu$m surface brightness ratios (${\Sigma }_{[OIII]}/{\Sigma }_{[CII]}$) in nine galaxies at $z\approx 6-9$. We first discuss possible biases in the measured ${\Sigma }_{[OIII]}/{\Sigma }_{[CII]}$ ratios by comparing the data with zoom-in cosmological simulations, and then use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to derive the best fit values of (${\kappa }_s,Z,n$). We find that (i) the strongest dependence of ${\Sigma }_{[OIII]}/{\Sigma }_{[CII]}$ is on ${\kappa }_s$; (ii) high ratios identify starburst galaxies with short gas depletion times ($t_{dep}=6-49\mathrm{Myr}$); (iii) a secondary dependence on density is found, with ${\Sigma }_{[OIII]}/{\Sigma }_{[CII]}$ anticorrelating with $n$ as a result of the lower [OIII] critical density, (iv) the ratio only weakly depends on $Z$. The nine galaxies are significantly enriched (Z=0.2-0.5 $Z_{\odot }$), and dense ($n=10^{1-3}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-3}$). This lends further support to the starburst scenario in which a rapid enrichment of the interstellar medium is expected.

accepted for publication in MNRAS, 12 pages, 8 figures

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