Dust in High-Redshift Galaxies: Reconciling UV Attenuation and IR Emission

Abstract

Dust is a key component of galaxies, but its properties during the earliest eras of structure formation remain elusive. Here we present a simple semi-analytic model of the dust distribution in galaxies at $z\gtrsim 5$. We calibrate the free parameters of this model to estimates of the UV attenuation (using the IRX-$\beta$ relation between infrared emission and the UV spectral slope) and to ALMA measurements of dust emission. We find that the observed dust emission requires that most of the dust expected in these galaxies is retained (assuming a similar yield to lower-redshift sources), but if the dust is spherically distributed, the modest attenuation requires that it be significantly more extended than the stars. Interestingly, the retention fraction is larger for less massive galaxies in our model. However, the required radius is a significant fraction of the host's virial radius and is larger than the estimated extent of dust emission from stacked high-$z$ galaxies. These can be reconciled if the dust is distributed anisotropically, with typical covering fractions of $\sim 0.2-0.7$ in bright galaxies and $\lesssim 0.1$ in fainter ones.

37 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in JCAP

References in corpus (52)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• The evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts z ~ 8-15 from deep JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging
• Dust Formation and Survival in Supernova Ejecta
• Efficient Formation of Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn by Feedback-Free Starbursts
• On the stunning abundance of super-early, massive galaxies revealed by JWST
• Dependence of Galaxy Quenching on Halo Mass and Distance from its Centre
• The brightest galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
• Bursting and Quenching in Massive Galaxies without Major Mergers or AGNs
• A JWST/NIRCam Study of Key Contributors to Reionization: The Star-forming and Ionizing Properties of UV-faint $z\sim 7-8$ Galaxies
• Are Dusty Galaxies Blue? Insights on UV Attenuation from Dust-Selected Galaxies
• Evolution of the UV LF from z~15 to z~8 Using New JWST NIRCam Medium-Band Observations over the HUDF/XDF
• Essential physics of early galaxy formation
• The chemistry of population III supernova ejecta: II - The nucleation of molecular clusters as a diagnostic for dust in the early universe
• The cycle of interstellar dust in galaxies of different morphological types
• Dusty Starbursts Masquerading as Ultra-high Redshift Galaxies in JWST CEERS Observations
• JWST NIRCam+NIRSpec: Interstellar medium and stellar populations of young galaxies with rising star formation and evolving gas reservoirs
• The REBELS ALMA Survey: cosmic dust temperature evolution out to z $\sim$ 7
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: Dust Continuum Detections at z > 6.5
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: the dust content of $z\sim 7$ Lyman Break Galaxies
• The ultraviolet continuum slopes ($\beta$) of galaxies at $\mathbf{z}\simeq 8-16$ from JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging
• Balancing the efficiency and stochasticity of star formation with dust extinction in z > 10 galaxies observed by JWST
• The IRX-Beta Dust Attenuation Relation in Cosmological Galaxy Formation Simulations
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: The Dust-obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at Redshift 7
• The ALMA REBELS Survey. Epoch of Reionization giants: properties of dusty galaxies at $z\approx 7$
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: Specific Star-Formation Rates in the Reionization Era
• The dust-to-stellar mass ratio as a valuable tool to probe the evolution of local and distant star forming galaxies
• On the ages of bright galaxies $\sim 500$ Myr after the Big Bang: insights into star formation activity at $z\gtrsim 15$ with JWST
• JWST UNCOVER: Discovery of $z>9$ Galaxy Candidates Behind the Lensing Cluster Abell 2744
• Dust scaling relations in a cosmological simulation
• Blue Monsters. Why are JWST super-early, massive galaxies so blue?
• The abundance of $z\gtrsim 10$ galaxy candidates in the HUDF using deep JWST NIRCam medium-band imaging
• Dust temperature in ALMA $\hbox{[C $\scriptstyle\rm II $]}$-detected high-$z$ galaxies
• A Massive Shell of Supernova-formed Dust in SNR G54.1+0.3
• A Large Population of Faint 8<z<16 Galaxies Found in the First JWST NIRCam Observations of the NGDEEP Survey
• Breaking degeneracies in the first galaxies with clustering
• An empirical study of dust properties at the earliest epochs
• Radiative equilibrium estimates of dust temperature and mass in high-redshift galaxies
• Dust emissivity and absorption cross section in DustPedia late-type galaxies
• A Framework for Modeling Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission in Galaxy Evolution Simulations
• Dust evolution with MUPPI in cosmological volumes
• Effects of self-consistent rest-ultraviolet colours in semi-empirical galaxy formation models
• Dust Survival in Galactic Winds
• Exploring the relation between dust mass and galaxy properties using Dusty SAGE
• Dust attenuation in galaxies at cosmic dawn from the FirstLight simulations
• The stratification of ISM properties in the edge-on galaxy NGC 891 revealed by NIKA2
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Dust emission effective radius up to 3 kpc in the Early Universe
• The extent of intergalactic metal enrichment from galactic winds during the Cosmic Dawn
• On the expected purity of photometric galaxy surveys targeting the Cosmic Dawn
• Probing the Nature of the First Galaxies with JWST and ALMA
• Low-mass bursty galaxies in JADES efficiently produce ionising photons and could represent the main drivers of reionisation

Cited by in corpus (4)

• JADES: comprehensive census of broad-line AGN from Reionization to Cosmic Noon revealed by JWST
• Exploiting synergies between JWST and cosmic 21-cm observations to uncover star formation in the early Universe
• Narrowing the discovery space of the cosmological 21-cm signal using multi-wavelength constraints
• Dust-UV offsets in high-redshift galaxies in the Cosmic Dawn III simulation