Black Hole Demographics from the M(BH)-sigma Relation

Abstract

We analyze a sample of 32 galaxies for which a dynamical estimate of the mass of the hot stellar component, M_bulge, is available. For each of these galaxies, we calculate the mass of the central black hole, M_BH, using the tight empirical correlation between M_BH and the bulge stellar velocity dispersion. The frequency function N(log M_BH/M_bulge) is reasonably well described as a Gaussian with <log M_BH/M_bulge> ~ -2.90 and standard deviation 0.45; the implied mean ratio of black hole to bulge mass is a factor 5 smaller than generally quoted in the literature. We present marginal evidence for a lower, average black-hole mass fraction in more massive galaxies. The total mass density in black holes in the local Universe is estimated to be 5 x 10^5 solar masses per cubic megaparsec, consistent with that inferred from high redshift (z ~ 2) AGNs.

12 Latex pages, 4 postscript figures

References in corpus (13)

• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centres
• A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
• The Cosmic Baryon Budget
• A Unified Model for the Evolution of Galaxies and Quasars
• Observational Signatures of the First Quasars
• The mass density in black holes inferred from the X-ray background
• Mass function of dormant black holes and the evolution of the Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Black Hole to Bulge Mass Relation in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The distribution of supermassive black holes in the nuclei of nearby galaxies
• Recovering Velocity Distributions via Penalized Likelihood
• The UVX quasar optical luminosity function and its evolution
• A new assessment of the completeness of quasar surveys: implications for the luminosity function

Cited by in corpus (278)

• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Observational Evidence of AGN Feedback
• Quasinormal modes of black holes and black branes
• The Relation between Black Hole Mass, Bulge Mass, and Near-Infrared Luminosity
• On the Black Hole Mass - Bulge Mass Relation
• Local Supermassive Black Holes, Relics of Active Galactic Nuclei and the X-ray Background
• A fundamental plane of black hole activity
• Massive Black Holes as Population III Remnants
• Observational constraints on growth of massive black holes
• Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies
• A unified model for AGN feedback in cosmological simulations of structure formation
• Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei: Past, Present and Future Research
• Magnetically Arrested Disk: An Energetically Efficient Accretion Flow
• Formation of Galactic Nuclei
• Beyond the Bulge: a Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Dark Matter Halos
• On the black hole - bulge mass relation in active and inactive galaxies
• The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. VIII. The Nuclei of Early-Type Galaxies
• Quasars, their host galaxies, and their central black holes
• Production of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters
• First stars, very massive black holes and metals
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• Gravitational Waves Probe the Coalescence Rate of Massive Black Hole Binaries
• Probing the Coevolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxies Using Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Hosts
• Axisymmetric Dynamical Models of the Central Regions of Galaxies
• The nature and origin of Seyfert warm absorbers
• Revised Rates of Stellar Disruption in Galactic Nuclei
• Supermassive recoil velocities for binary black-hole mergers with antialigned spins
• The XMM-Newton wide-field survey in the COSMOS field: I. Survey description
• On the X-ray, optical emission line and black hole mass properties of local Seyfert galaxies
• Hot Gas In and Around Elliptical Galaxies
• Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. I. The Consistency of Black Hole Masses in Quiescent and Active Galaxies
• Tracing Black Hole Mergers Through Radio Lobe Morphology
• Missing Link Found? --- The ``runaway'' path to supermassive black holes
• Radio Sources in Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei.IV. Radio Luminosity Function, Importance of Jet Power, and Radio Properties of the Complete Palomar Sample
• Long Term Evolution of Massive Black Hole Binaries
• Bulgeless Giant Galaxies Challenge our Picture of Galaxy Formation by Hierarchical Clustering
• The black-hole masses of Seyfert galaxies and quasars
• The AGN-starburst connection, Galactic superwinds, and M_BH - sigma
• What is the Highest Plausible Redshift of Luminous Quasars?
• Most Supermassive Black Holes must be Rapidly Rotating
• UV/Optical Detections of Candidate Tidal Disruption Events by GALEX and CFHTLS
• Large-Amplitude X-ray Outbursts from Galactic Nuclei: A Systematic Survey Using ROSAT Archival Data
• Ejection of Supermassive Black Holes from Galaxy Cores
• Black Holes in Astrophysics
• Luminous Thermal Flares from Quiescent Supermassive Black Holes
• Quantifying the Coexistence of Massive Black Holes and Dense Nuclear Star Clusters
• Chaotic Loss Cones, Black Hole Fueling and the M-Sigma Relation
• Modeling the Radio Background from the First Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the 21 cm Absorption Amplitude
• Early Growth and Efficient Accretion of Massive Black Holes at High Redshift
• Radio Sources in Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei. III. "AGNs" in a Distance-Limited Sample of "LLAGNs"
• Cooling, AGN Feedback and Star Formation in Simulated Cool-Core Galaxy Clusters
• Dynamics of the Globular Cluster System Associated with M49 (NGC4472): Cluster Orbital Properties and the Distribution of Dark Matter
• The Black Hole Mass - Spheroid Luminosity relation
• Constraining the properties of the proposed supermassive black hole system in 3c66b: Limits from pulsar timing
• The Merger History of Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies
• The anti-hierarchical growth of supermassive black holes
• The X-ray Globular Cluster Population in NGC 1399
• Detection of atomic carbon [CII] 158 micron and dust emission from a z=7.1 quasar host galaxy
• Supermassive Black Hole Binary Evolution in Axisymmetric Galaxies: the final parsec problem is not a problem
• Galaxy Cores as Relics of Black Hole Mergers
• Black hole growth and activity in a LambdaCDM Universe
• Comparison of bar strengths in active and non-active galaxies
• Correlations Between Supermassive Black Holes, Velocity Dispersions, and Mass Deficits in Elliptical Galaxies with Cores
• Observational evidence for a connection between supermassive black holes and dark matter haloes
• Black Holes and Hosts of Active and Quiescent Galaxies: I. The Black Hole-Bulge Relation revisited
• The Era of Massive Population III Stars: Cosmological Implications and Self-Termination
• The X-ray and Radio Connection in Low-luminosity Active Nuclei
• Probing the Coevolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Quasar Host Galaxies
• The Imprint of the Cosmic Dark Ages on the Near Infrared Background
• Shadows of Multi-Black Holes: Analytic Exploration
• Tracing the cosmological assembly of stars and supermassive black holes in galaxies
• The Population of Faint Optically-Selected AGN at z~3
• Observable Signatures of a Black Hole Ejected by Gravitational Radiation Recoil in a Galaxy Merger
• Chandra Limits on X-ray Emission Associated with the Supermassive Black Holes in Three Giant Elliptical Galaxies
• Gravitational Waves from Supermassive Black Hole Coalescence in a Hierarchical Galaxy Formation Model
• The Cosmic Density of Massive Black Holes from Galaxy Velocity Dispersions
• The Host Galaxies of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1s: Evidence for Bar-Driven Fueling
• The black hole mass of low redshift radiogalaxies
• No Supermassive Black Hole in M33?
• The evolutionary sequence of active galactic nuclei and galaxy formation revealed
• Black hole mass and velocity dispersion of narrow line region in active galactic nuclei and narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• The (black hole)-bulge mass scaling relation at low masses
• The black hole - bulge mass relation of Active Galactic Nuclei in the Extended Chandra Deep Field - South Survey
• A Simple and Accurate Model for Intra-Cluster Gas
• Formation of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes through Runaway Collisions in the First Star Clusters
• Dynamical friction and the evolution of Supermassive Black hole Binaries: the final hundred-parsec problem
• Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption
• Mergers of Unequal Mass Galaxies: Supermassive Black Hole Binary Evolution and Structure of Merger Remnants
• The Fueling and Evolution of AGN: Internal and External Triggers
• The Host Galaxies of Optical Bright QSOs: Molecular Gas in Z < 0.1 PG-QSOs
• The mass function of high redshift seed black holes
• Galaxy bulges and their massive black holes: a review
• Double-double radio galaxies: remnants of merger of supermassive binary black holes
• Star Formation-Regulated Growth of Black Holes in Protogalactic Spheroids
• The Quasar Mass-Luminosity Plane I: A Sub-Eddington Limit for Quasars
• Intracluster and Intragroup Entropy from Quasar Activity
• Dynamics of galaxy cores and supermassive black holes
• AGN-Starburst connection in NGC7582: Gemini near-infrared spectrograph integral field unit observations
• An Observed Link between Active Galactic Nuclei and Violent Disk Instabilities in High-Redshift Galaxies
• Luminosity and stellar mass functions of disks and spheroids in the SDSS and the supermassive black hole mass function
• Improved Dynamical Constraints on the Mass of the central Black Hole in NGC 404
• Long-Term Evolution of Massive Black Hole Binaries. III. Binary Evolution in Collisional Nuclei
• Triplets of supermassive black holes: Astrophysics, Gravitational Waves and Detection
• Orientation dependency of broad-line widths in quasars and consequences for black-hole mass estimation
• A census of X-ray nuclear activity in nearby galaxies
• Massive black hole remnants of the first stars in galactic haloes
• The Chandra Multiwavelength Project: Optical Followup of Serendipitous Chandra Sources
• The Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei: II. Evolutionary Connection
• Black hole accretion and host galaxies of obscured quasars in XMM-COSMOS
• Black hole masses from power density spectra: determinations and consequences
• The black hole mass of BL Lac objects from the stellar velocity dispersion of the host galaxy
• ALMA observations of molecular clouds in three group centered elliptical galaxies: NGC 5846, NGC 4636, and NGC 5044
• The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151: Comparison of Reverberation Mapping and Stellar Dynamical Measurements
• The Dependence of Galaxy Shape on Luminosity and Surface Brightness Profile
• Spectroscopic FIR mapping of the disk and galactic wind of M82 with Herschel-PACS
• Nuclear Star Clusters from Clustered Star Formation
• Dynamical Cusp Regeneration
• Modeling the Retention Probability of Black Holes in Globular Clusters: Kicks and Rates
• X-ray background synthesis: the infrared connection
• Faint AGN and the Ionizing Background
• Chemical evolution in a model for the joint formation of quasars and spheroids
• The Transverse Proximity Effect: A Probe to the Environment, Anisotropy, and Megayear Variability of QSOs
• A Radiation-Hydrodynamical Model for Supermassive Black Hole-to-Bulge Mass Relation and Quasar Formation
• Brownian Motion of Black Holes in Dense Nuclei
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The local supermassive black hole mass function in early- and late-type galaxies
• The Effect of Gravitational Recoil on Black Holes Forming in a Hierarchical Universe
• The role of fast magnetic reconnection on the radio and gamma-ray emission from the nuclear regions of microquasars and low luminosity AGNs
• The nature of the HE0450-2958 System
• Elliptical Galaxies and Bulges of Disk Galaxies: Summary of Progress and Outstanding Issues
• AGN feedback and gas mixing in the core of NGC 4636
• The host galaxies and black-hole:galaxy mass ratios of luminous quasars at z~4
• Coupled spheroid and black-hole formation, and the multifrequency detectability of active galactic nuclei and submillimetre sources
• Probing General Relativity With Mergers of Supermassive and Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• Proto-Quasars:Physical States and Observable Properties
• Using Pulsars to Detect Massive Black Hole Binaries via Gravitational Radiation: Sagittarius A* and Nearby Galaxies
• The Host Galaxies and Black Holes of Typical z~0.5-1.4 AGN
• Spatially-resolved spectrophotometric analysis and modelling of the Superantennae
• The Radio Scream from Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: A Semi-Analytic Model for the Impact of Radio Loud Black-Holes on the 21 cm Global Signal
• Modeling the Counts of Faint Radio Loud Quasars: Constraints on the Supermassive Black Hole Population and Predictions for High Redshift
• Radiation drag driven mass accretion in clumpy interstellar medium: implications for the supermassive black hole-to-bulge relation
• Massive Star-Forming Host Galaxies of Quasars on Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82
• Systolic and Hyper-Systolic Algorithms for the Gravitational N-Body Problem, with an Application to Brownian Motion
• Cusp Disruption in Minor Mergers
• Black hole mass and binary model for BL Lac object OJ 287
• Cosmic evolution of low-excitation radio galaxies in the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey Deep Fields
• High redshift quasars and the supermassive black hole mass budget: constraints on quasar formation models
• Effects of Wandering on the Coalescence of Black Hole Binaries in Galactic Centers
• Effects of post-Newtonian Spin Alignment on the Distribution of Black-Hole Recoils
• Massive black hole remnants of the first stars I: abundance in present-day galactic haloes
• Testing models of supermassive black hole seed formation through gravity waves
• The Building Up of the Black Hole Mass - Stellar Mass Relation
• The BH mass of nearby QSOs: a comparison of the bulge luminosity and virial methods
• Cosmic Backgrounds from Miniquasars
• A near-IR study of the host galaxies of 2Jy radio sources at 0.03 < z < 0.5: I - the data
• The Reddest Quasars II. A gravitationally-lensed FeLoBAL quasar
• Radio morphology and spectral analysis of cD galaxies in rich and poor galaxy clusters
• Dynamics of the NGC 4636 globular cluster system II. Improved constraints from a large sample of globular cluster velocities
• Shadows of Colliding Black Holes
• Galaxy Zoo: The interplay of quenching mechanisms in the group environment
• Accretion rates and accretion efficiency in AGNs
• Is there a relationship between AGN and star formation in IR-bright AGNs?
• Relations Between Environments of Quasars and Galaxy Formation
• Evolutive Unification in Composite Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Host Galaxies of Radio-Loud AGN: The Black Hole--Galaxy Connection
• The Properties of Post-Starburst Quasars Based on Optical Spectroscopy
• Growth of intermediate mass black holes by tidal disruption events in the first star clusters
• LISA observations of massive black hole mergers: event rates and issues in waveform modelling
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Post-Starburst Signatures in Quasar Host Galaxies at z < 1
• Accurate Realizations of the Ionized Gas in Galaxy Clusters: Calibrating Feedback
• Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Post-Starburst Quasars
• Sub-mm detection of a high redshift Type 2 QSO
• Correlations Between Black Holes and Host Galaxies in the Illustris and IllustrisTNG Simulations
• The quasar epoch and the stellar ages of early-type galaxies
• Binary black holes and tori in AGN II. Can stellar winds constitute a dusty torus?
• The Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Quasar Survey: Quasar Properties from Data Release Six to Nine
• On the detectability of distant Compton-thick obscured quasars
• Chandra Observations of 12 Luminous Red Quasars
• Black hole masses and the Fundamental Plane of BL Lac objects
• Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect from Quasar-driven Blast-waves
• Metals in the circumgalactic medium are out of ionization equilibrium due to fluctuating active galactic nuclei
• Formation of central massive objects via tidal compression
• The Nature of Dark Matter in Elliptical Galaxies: Chandra Observations of NGC 4636
• The local supermassive black hole mass density: corrections for dependencies on the Hubble constant
• IR Mergers and IR QSOs with Galactic Winds. II. NGC 5514, two Extra-nuclear Starburts/LINERs with a Supergiant Bubble in the Rupture Phase
• Collisional dynamics around binary black holes in galactic centers
• SDSS J1130+0058 an X-shaped Radio Source With Double-Peaked Low-Ionization Emission Lines: A binary Black Hole System?
• IR mergers and IR QSOs with galactic winds. III. Mrk 231: composite outflow with multiple expanding bubbles and BALs (an exploding young QSO?)
• A multi-epoch spectroscopic study of the BAL quasar APM 08279+5255 II. Emission- and absorption-line variability time lags
• Formation of Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Bulges: A Rotating Collapse Model Consistent with the $\mbh-σ$ Relation
• A Systematic Analysis of Stellar Populations in the Host Galaxies of Changing-look AGNs
• Strong gravitational lensing: why no central black holes?
• Supermassive Black Hole Mass Functions at Intermediate Redshifts from Spheroid and AGN Luminosity Functions
• HST NIR Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts II: An Atlas and Inventory of the Host Galaxies, Mergers and Companions
• The origin of blue-shifted absorption features in the X-ray spectrum of PG 1211+143: Outflow or disc?
• Optical colours of AGN in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Obscured black holes in early type galaxies
• Early Preheating and Galaxy Formation
• Cosmic evolution of radio-AGN feedback: confronting models with data
• Disk Assembly and the M_BH-sigma Relation of Supermassive Black Holes
• Flux-limited strong gravitational lensing and dark energy
• The nature of X-ray absorbed QSOs
• The Role of Primordial Kicks on Black Hole Merger Rates
• Black Holes as Dark Matter Annihilation Boosters
• The cosmological evolution of metal enrichment in quasar host galaxies
• The Nature of Blue Cores in Spheroids: a Possible Connection with AGN and Star Formation
• Evolution Of Massive Black Hole Binaries In Rotating Stellar Nuclei: Implications For Gravitational Wave Detection
• Is Primordial He Truly from Big Bang ?
• X-ray properties of Lyman Break Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field North region
• Observing the host galaxies of high-redshift quasars with JWST: predictions from the BlueTides simulation
• Host Galaxies of the High-redshift AGNs in the GOODS Fields
• A 60 pc counter-rotating core in NGC 4621
• The Formation and Evolution of the First Massive Black Holes
• Ultramassive Black Hole Coalescence
• Optically-Selected BLR-less Active Galactic Nuclei from the SDSS Stripe82 Database I: The Sample
• Comparing the host galaxy ages of X-ray selected AGN in COSMOS: Obscured AGN are associated with older galaxies
• A Comparison of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in NGC 1399 and the Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038/4039)
• A simple model for the evolution of super-massive black holes and the quasar population
• Consequences of Triaxiality for Gravitational Wave Recoil of black holes
• Further Evidence for the Accretion Disk Origination of the Double-Peaked Broad H$\alpha$ of 3C390.3
• A Quasar microlensing event towards J1249+3449?
• The preferentially magnified active nucleus in IRAS F10214+4724 - III. VLBI observations of the radio core
• 3C390.3: More Stable Evidence for Origination of Double-Peaked Broad Balmer Lines from Accretion Disk Near Central Black Hole
• Evidence for non-merger co-evolution of galaxies and their supermassive black holes
• The X-ray Emission from the Nucleus of the Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy NGC 3226
• Why Massive Black Holes are Small in Disk Galxies?
• Hot versus Cold: the Dichotomy in Spherical Accretion of Cooling Flows onto Supermassive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies, Galaxy Groups and Clusters
• Spectral Energy Distributions of type 2 QSOs: obscured star formation at high redshifts
• Star formation and accretion in the circumnuclear disks of active galaxies
• The role of gravitational recoil in the assembly of massive black hole seeds
• Cosmic evolution of black hole-spin and galaxy orientations: clues from the NewHorizon and Galactica simulations
• Supermassive black holes in merger-free galaxies have higher spins which are preferentially aligned with their host galaxy
• Capture Rates of Compact Objects by Supermassive Black Holes
• UV/Optical Nuclear Activity in the gE Galaxy NGC 1399
• The size of BLRs of low luminous Active Galactic Nuclei
• Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation -- XVIII. The high-redshift evolution of black holes and their host galaxies
• Scalar potential model of redshift and discrete redshift
• NGC 6240 Supermassive Black Hole Binary dynamical evolution based on Chandra data
• The MODEST questions: challenges and future directions in stellar cluster research
• Cosmic star formation history associated with QSO activity: an approach using the black hole to bulge mass correlation
• Detection of 20-30 Mpc-scale Galaxy Structures Embedded in 100 Mpc-scale Structures of Quasars and MgII Absorbers at z~0.8 and z~1.2
• Characterisation of a candidate dual AGN
• Constraining the Lifetime of QSOs with Present-day Mass Function of Supermassive Black Holes
• The sizes of BLRs and BH masses of double-peaked broad low-ionization emission line objects
• Insights Into AGN and Host Galaxy Co-evolution From Hard X-ray Emission
• XMM-Newton reveals a Seyfert-like X-ray spectrum in the z=3.6 QSO B1422+231
• Role of Feedback in AGN-HOST Coevolution: A Study from Partially Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei
• Extrapolating SMBH correlations down the mass scale: the case for IMBHs in globular clusters
• Theory of disk accretion onto supermassive black holes
• Cosmological Growth History of Supermassive Black Holes and Demographics in the High-z Universe : Do Lyman-Break Galaxies Have Supermassive Black Holes?
• Captures of Red Giant Stars by Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies: Feedback to the Hot Gas
• The gravitational wave background from star-massive black hole fly-bys
• A Systematic Analysis of Stellar Populations in the Host Galaxies of SDSS Type I QSOs
• Supermassive Black Hole Mass Regulated by Host Galaxy Morphology
• Theoretical Models of Multi-waveband QSO Luminosity Functions
• Host Galaxies of Hard X-ray Selected Type-2 Active Galactic Nuclei at Intermediate Redshifts
• Global Dynamics in Galactic Triaxial Systems I
• 2D stellar population and gas kinematics of the inner 1.5 kpc of the post-starburst quasar SDSS J0210-0903
• Gas stripping by radiation drag from an interstellar cloud
• Modeling the accretion history of supermassive black holes
• Properties of IR selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• An accretion model for the growth of the central black hole associated with ionization instability in quasars
• Wandering of the central black hole in a galactic nucleus and correlation of the black hole mass with the bulge mass
• Multiphase gas in elliptical galaxies: the role of Type Ia supernovae
• Halpha Nuclear Geyser (Bipolar Outflow) from the Barred Galaxy NGC 1415 (ESO 482-G033)
• The Type Ia Supernova and Asymptotic Giant Branch Stellar Ejecta-regulated Interstellar Medium of Massive Galaxies
• Distribution Function of Dark Matter with Constant Anisotropy
• Exploring the physical properties of Type II Quasar candidates at intermediate redshifts with CIGALE
• Variability as a new discovery channel for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in the Time Domain Era
• Cosmic quenching and scaling laws for the evolution of supermassive black holes and host galaxies
• An Analytic, Fully Relativistic Framework for Tidal Disruption Event Streams in Schwarzschild Geometry
• Ultradense Gases beyond Dusty Torus in a Partially Obscured Quasar
• Supermassive black holes in radio-loud AGN
• Host galaxy and nuclear properties of IR-selected AGNs with and without outflow signatures
• Dynamical evolution timescales for the supermassive black hole system in the galaxy NGC 7727 (Arp 222)
• Obscured and unobscured X-ray AGNs I: Host galaxy properties
• HI 21 cm Extended Structures to the North-East, and South-West of NGC 5595: VLA Observations of the Disk Galaxy Pair NGC 5595 and NGC 5597
• Constraining Nuclear Molecular Gas Content with High-resolution CO Imaging of GOALS Galaxies
• A broadband X-ray study of a sample of AGNs with [OIII] measured inclinations