Vector theory of gravity: Universe without black holes and solution of dark energy problem

Abstract

We propose an alternative theory of gravity which assumes that background geometry of the Universe is fixed four dimensional Euclidean space and gravity is a vector field $A_k$ in this space which breaks the Euclidean symmetry. Direction of $A_k$ gives the time coordinate, while perpendicular directions are spatial coordinates. Vector gravitational field is coupled to matter universally and minimally through the equivalent metric $f_{ik}$ which is a functional of $A_k$. We show that such assumptions yield a unique theory of gravity, it is free of black holes and, to the best of our knowledge, passes all available tests. For cosmology our theory predicts the same evolution of the Universe as general relativity with cosmological constant and zero spatial curvature. However, the present theory provides explanation of the dark energy as energy of longitudinal gravitational field induced by the Universe expansion and yields, with no free parameters, the value of ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }=2/3\approx 0.67$ which agrees with the recent Planck result ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }=0.686\pm 0.02$. Such striking agreement indicates that gravity has a vector, rather than tensor, origin. We demonstrate that gravitational wave signals measured by LIGO are compatible with vector gravity. They are produced by orbital inspiral of massive neutron stars which can exist in the present theory. We also quantize gravitational field and show that quantum vector gravity is equivalent to QED. Vector gravity can be tested by making more accurate measurement of the time delay of radar signal traveling near the Sun; by improving accuracy of the light deflection experiments; or by measuring propagation direction of gravitational waves relative to laser interferometer arms. Resolving the supermassive object at the center of our Galaxy with VLBA could provide another test of gravity and also shed light on the nature of dark matter.

58 pages, 12 figures, Final version published in Physica Scripta

References in corpus (24)

• Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger
• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence
• GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2
• Tests of general relativity with GW150914
• Binary Black Hole Mergers in the first Advanced LIGO Observing Run
• Properties of the Binary Black Hole Merger GW150914
• Event-horizon-scale structure in the supermassive black hole candidate at the Galactic Centre
• Rapid Bayesian position reconstruction for gravitational-wave transients
• A New Sample of Low-mass Black Holes in Active Galaxies
• Resonant detection of axion mediated forces with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• The (black hole)-bulge mass scaling relation at low masses
• 230 GHz VLBI observations of M87: event-horizon-scale structure at the enhanced very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray state in 2012
• A Search for Dark Matter Axions with the Orpheus Experiment
• Localization of gravitational wave sources with networks of advanced detectors
• Black Hole Shadow Image and Visibility Analysis of Sagittarius A*
• Black Hole Mass and Bulge Luminosity for Low-mass Black Holes
• Periodic Modulations in an X-ray Flare from Sagittarius A*
• Reconstruction of source location in a network of gravitational wave interferometric detectors
• Robust Bayesian detection of unmodelled bursts
• Gravitational Wave Burst Source Direction Estimation using Time and Amplitude Information
• Composite Photon Theory Versus Elementary Photon Theory
• Oscillating axion bubbles as alternative to supermassive black holes at galactic centers
• Is exponential metric a natural space-time metric of Newtonian gravity ?

Cited by in corpus (7)

• The exponential metric represents a traversable wormhole
• GW170817 event rules out general relativity in favor of vector gravity
• Simplified equations for gravitational field in the vector theory of gravity and new insights into dark energy
• Nonthermal radiation of evaporating black holes
• GW170814: Gravitational wave polarization analysis
• Derivation of the Schrodinger equation from fundamental principles
• Axially Symmetric Exponential Metric