The formation of massive Pop III stars in the presence of turbulence

Abstract

Population III stars forming in the infant universe at z=30 heralded the end of the cosmic dark ages. They are presumed to be assembled in so-called minihaloes with virial temperatures of a few thousand K where collapse is triggered by molecular hydrogen cooling. A central question concerns their final masses, and whether fragmentation occurs during their formation. While studies employing Lagrangian codes suggest fragmentation via a self-gravitating disk, recent high resolution simulations indicated that disk formation is suppressed. Here we report the first high-resolution large-eddy simulations performed with the Eulerian grid-based code Enzo following the evolution beyond the formation of the first peak, to investigate the accretion of the central massive clump and potential fragmentation. For a total of 3 halos, we see that a disk forms around the first clump. The central clump reaches $\sim 10$ solar masses after 40 years, while subsequent accretion is expected at a rate of $10^{-2}$ solar masses per year. In one of these halos, additional clumps form as a result of fragmentation which proceeds at larger scales. We note that subgrid-scale turbulence yields relevant contributions to the stability of the protostellar disks. We conclude that the first protostar may reach masses up to $40-100{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, which are only limited by the effect of radiative feedback.

Accepted for publication in APJL, comments are welcome

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