Feedback from the IR Background in the Early Universe

Abstract

It is commonly believed that the earliest stages of star-formation in the Universe were self-regulated by global radiation backgrounds - either by the ultraviolet Lyman-Werner (LW) photons emitted by the first stars (directly photodissociating H_2), or by the X-rays produced by accretion onto the black hole (BH) remnants of these stars (heating the gas but catalyzing H_2 formation). Recent studies have suggested that a significant fraction of the first stars may have had low masses (a few M_sun). Such stars do not leave BH remnants and they have softer spectra, with copious infrared (IR) radiation at photon energies around 1eV. Similar to LW and X-ray photons, these photons have a mean-free path comparable to the Hubble distance, building up an early IR background. Here we show that if soft-spectrum stars, with masses of a few M_sun, contributed more than 1% of the UV background (or their mass fraction exceeded 90%), then their IR radiation dominated radiative feedback in the early Universe. The feedback is different from the UV feedback from high-mass stars, and occurs through the photo-detachment of H^- ions, necessary for efficient H_2 formation. Nevertheless, we find that the baryon fraction which must be incorporated into low-mass stars in order to suppress H_2-cooling is only a factor of few higher than for high-mass stars.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS (Letters). 5 pages with 2 figures

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Cited by in corpus (27)

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• Formation of massive protostars in atomic cooling haloes
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• Direct collapse black hole formation from synchronized pairs of atomic cooling halos
• Super-Eddington Accretion and Feedback from the First Massive Seed Black Holes
• The impact of the supersonic baryon-dark matter velocity difference on the z~20 21cm background
• Decoding the X-ray Properties of Pre-Reionization Era Sources
• The brief era of direct collapse black hole formation
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• Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars
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• Rise of the First Super-Massive Stars
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• Fragmentation inside atomic cooling haloes exposed to Lyman-Werner radiation
• Role of the H${}_2^{+}$ channel in the primordial star formation under strong radiation field and the critical intensity for the supermassive star formation
• Gravitational Wave Signals from the First Massive Black Hole Seeds
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• Extreme Primordial Star Formation Enabled by High Redshift Quasars
• Induced metal-free star formation around a massive black hole seed
• Cosmic Reionization and the First Nonlinear Structures in the Universe
• Effects of binary stellar populations on direct collapse black hole formation
• Upper Limit on Star Formation and Metal Enrichment in Minihalos
• Semi analytical description of formation of galaxies and clusters of galaxies
• Identification of Candidate Halos Hosting Massive Black Hole Seeds in the $\text{Renaissance}$ Simulations with Support Vector Machines