Primordial Star Formation under Far-ultraviolet radiation

Abstract

Thermal and chemical evolution of primordial gas clouds irradiated with far-ultraviolet (FUV; < 13.6 eV) radiation is investigated. In clouds irradiated by intense FUV radiation, sufficient hydrogen molecules to be important for cooling are never formed. However, even without molecular hydrogen, if the clouds are massive enough, they start collapsing via atomic hydrogen line cooling. Such clouds continue to collapse almost isothermally owing to successive cooling by H^{-} free-bound emission up to the number density of 10^{16} cm^{-3}. Inside the clouds, the Jeans mass eventually falls well below a solar mass. This indicates that hydrogen molecules are dispensable for low-mass primordial star formation, provided fragmentation of the clouds occurs at sufficiently high density.

32 pages and 9 figures. ApJ, in press

References in corpus (3)

• The Formation and Fragmentation of Primordial Molecular Clouds
• Simulation of primordial object formation
• Collapse of Low Mass Clouds in the Presence of UV Radiation Field

Cited by in corpus (228)

• The First Stars
• Formation of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• The Assembly of the First Massive Black Holes
• Simulations of Early Structure Formation: Primordial Gas Clouds
• Thermal and Fragmentation Properties of Star-forming Clouds in Low-metallicity Environments
• First stars, very massive black holes and metals
• Formation of Primordial Stars in a LCDM Universe
• Second-Generation Objects in the Universe: Radiative Cooling and Collapse of Halos with Virial Temperatures Above 10^4 Kelvin
• Formation of the First Stars by Accretion
• The First Cosmic Structures and their Effects
• Primordial Star Formation under the Influence of Far Ultraviolet Radiation: 1540 Cosmological Halos and the Stellar Mass Distribution
• Supermassive Black Hole Formation by Direct Collapse: Keeping Protogalactic Gas H_2--Free in Dark Matter Halos with Virial Temperatures T_vir >~ 10^4 K
• Formation of Primordial Supermassive Stars by Rapid Mass Accretion
• Can Supermassive Black Holes Form in Metal-Enriched High-Redshift Protogalaxies ?
• KROME - a package to embed chemistry in astrophysical simulations
• Ubiquitous seeding of supermassive black holes by direct collapse
• Hyper-Eddington accretion flows onto massive black holes
• Population III star formation in a Lambda CDM universe, II: Effects of a photodissociating background
• Black hole formation in the early universe
• Photodissociation of H2 in Protogalaxies: Modeling Self-Shielding in 3D Simulations
• Formation of massive black holes in rapidly growing pre-galactic gas clouds
• Formation of Massive Primordial Stars: Intermittent UV Feedback with Episodic Mass Accretion
• Titans of the Early Universe: The Prato Statement on the Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• The First Billion Years project - III: The impact of stellar radiation on the coevolution of Populations II and III
• Small-scale dynamo action during the formation of the first stars and galaxies. I. The ideal MHD limit
• Rapidly Accreting Supergiant Protostars: Embryos of Supermassive Black Holes?
• Formation of supermassive black hole seeds
• The characteristic black hole mass resulting from direct collapse in the early universe
• Feedback-regulated Super Massive Black Hole Seed Formation
• The critical radiation intensity for direct collapse black hole formation: dependence on the radiation spectral shape
• Critical Metallicity and Fine-Structure Emission of Primordial Gas Enriched by the First Stars
• Massive black hole factories: Supermassive and quasi-star formation in primordial halos
• From the first stars to the first black holes
• Supersonic Gas Streams Enhance the Formation of Massive Black Holes in the Early Universe
• The first low-mass stars: critical metallicity or dust-to-gas ratio?
• Unveiling the first black holes with JWST: multi-wavelength spectral predictions
• Formation of massive protostars in atomic cooling haloes
• The Formation of the First Stars in the Universe
• The First Billion Years project: birthplaces of direct collapse black holes
• Low-Metallicity Star Formation : Prestellar Collapse and Protostellar Accretion in the Spherical Symmetry
• Formation of an embryonic supermassive star in the first galaxy
• Infrared background signatures of the first black holes
• How realistic UV spectra and X-rays suppress the abundance of direct collapse black holes
• The low-end of the black hole mass function at cosmic dawn
• Supermassive black hole formation by the cold accretion shocks in the first galaxies
• The Growth of the Stellar Seeds of Supermassive Black Holes
• Cosmological Simulations of Early Blackhole Formation: Halo Mergers, Tidal Disruption, and the Conditions for Direct Collapse
• New constraints on direct collapse black hole formation in the early Universe
• Does Radiative Feedback by the First Stars Promote or Prevent Second Generation Star Formation?
• Supermassive Black Hole Formation at High Redshifts via Direct Collapse: Physical Processes in the Early Stage
• Formation of primordial supermassive stars by burst accretion
• Supermassive Star Formation via Super Competitive Accretion in Slightly Metal-enriched Clouds
• Star Formation in the First Galaxies I: Collapse Delayed by Lyman-Werner Radiation
• Radiation from the first forming stars
• The Formation of the First Massive Black Holes
• Black hole formation in primordial galaxies: chemical and radiative conditions
• A UV flux constraint on the formation of direct collapse black holes
• Metals, dust and the cosmic microwave background: fragmentation of high-redshift star-forming clouds
• On the formation of the first quasars
• Does disk fragmentation prevent the formation of supermassive stars in protogalaxies?
• Radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the formation of direct-collapse supermassive stellar systems
• High-Redshift Star Formation in a Time-Dependent Lyman-Werner Background
• Early Structure Formation and Reionization in a Cosmological Model with a Running Primordial Power Spectrum
• The brief era of direct collapse black hole formation
• Formation of the first stars and black holes
• H_2 Suppression with Shocking Inflows: Testing a Pathway for Supermassive Black Hole Formation
• Gravitational waves from supermassive stars collapsing to a supermassive black hole
• Light, medium-weight or heavy? The nature of the first supermassive black hole seeds
• The First Generation of Star-Forming Haloes
• Music from the heavens - Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole mergers in the EAGLE simulations
• Suppression of HD-cooling in protogalactic gas clouds by Lyman-Werner radiation
• Revised rate coefficients for H${}_2$ and H${}^{-}$ destruction by realistic stellar spectra
• Formation of globular clusters in atomic-cooling halos via rapid gas condensation and fragmentation during the epoch of reionization
• Impact of the cosmic background radiation on the initial mass function of metal-poor stars
• Making a supermassive star by stellar bombardment
• The suppression of direct collapse black hole formation by soft X-ray irradiation
• The mass spectrum of metal-free Stars resulting from photodissociation feedback: A scenario for the formation of low-mass population III stars
• A No-Go Theorem for Direct Collapse Black Holes Without a Strong Ultraviolet Background
• Gravitational instability in protostellar disks at low metallicities
• Forming massive seed black holes in high-redshift quasar host progenitors
• Magnetic fields during the formation of supermassive black holes
• Simulating the formation of massive seed black holes in the early Universe. II: Impact of rate coefficient uncertainties
• Supermassive Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Gravitational Wave Astronomy With TianQin
• Witnessing the birth of a supermassive protostar
• Large-Scale Structure Formation: from the first non-linear objects to massive galaxy clusters
• Detecting Direct Collapse Black Holes: making the case for CR7
• How an improved implementation of H2 self-shielding influences the formation of massive stars and black holes
• Massive Black Holes from Dissipative Dark Matter
• Gravitational Collapse of Rotating Supermassive Stars including Nuclear Burning Effects
• Impact of dust cooling on direct collapse black hole formation
• The influence of magnetic fields, turbulence, and UV radiation on the formation of supermassive black holes
• Fragmentation in the First Galaxies
• Effect of cosmic ray/X-ray ionization on supermassive black hole formation
• The formation of massive primordial stars in the presence of moderate UV backgrounds
• Direct collapse black hole formation via high-velocity collisions of protogalaxies
• Rapid growth of seed black holes during early bulge formation
• Trapping of HII regions in Population III star formation
• Chasing the observational signatures of seed black holes at z > 7: candidate observability
• Formation of the first star clusters and massive star binaries by fragmentation of filamentary primordial gas clouds
• Chasing the observational signatures of seed black holes at z > 7: candidate statistics
• Multi-flavour SMBH seeding and evolution in cosmological environments
• Rapid growth of black holes accompanied with hot or warm outflows exposed to anisotropic super-Eddington radiation
• Seeking the growth of the first black hole seeds with JWST
• Formation of supermassive stars in the first star clusters
• Starbursts in low-mass haloes at Cosmic Dawn. I. The critical halo mass for star formation
• Can direct collapse black holes launch gamma-ray bursts and grow to supermassive black holes?
• Pulsational instability of supergiant protostars: Do they grow supermassive by accretion?
• Time Evolution of Galaxy Scaling Relations in Cosmological Simulations
• Supermassive Black Hole Seed Formation at High Redshifts: Long-Term Evolution of the Direct Collapse
• Supermassive Black Hole Formation at High Redshifts Through a Primordial Magnetic Field
• Lyman-Werner Escape Fractions from the First Galaxies
• Gas infall into atomic cooling haloes: on the formation of protogalactic disks and supermassive black holes at z > 10
• Long-term evolution of supercritical black hole accretion with outflows: a subgrid feedback model for cosmological simulations
• Forming Super-Massive Black Hole Seeds under the Influence of a Nearby Anisotropic Multi-Frequency Source
• Stunted accretion growth of black holes by combined effect of the flow angular momentum and radiation feedback
• Assembly of supermassive black hole seeds
• The Radio to Infrared Emission of Very High Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts: Probing Early Star Formation through Molecular and Atomic Absorption Lines
• Direct collapse to supermassive black hole seeds: the critical conditions for suppression of ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ cooling
• The first supermassive black holes
• Feedback from the IR Background in the Early Universe
• Formation of the first stars
• Forming Pop III binaries in self-gravitating disks: how to keep the orbital angular momentum
• Maximally accreting supermassive stars: a fundamental limit imposed by hydrostatic equilibrium
• H2 self-shielding with non-LTE rovibrational populations: implications for cooling in protogalaxies
• Massive black hole and Population III galaxy formation in over-massive dark matter halos with violent merger histories
• Observational signatures of massive black hole formation in the early universe
• Formation of Massive and Wide First-star Binaries in Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations
• Radiative effects during the assembly of direct collapse black holes
• Role of the H${}_2^{+}$ channel in the primordial star formation under strong radiation field and the critical intensity for the supermassive star formation
• Cosmological DCBH formation sites hostile for their growth
• Violent starbursts and quiescence induced by FUV radiation feedback in metal-poor galaxies at high-redshift
• Multifrequency radiation hydrodynamics simulations of H2 line emission in primordial, star-forming clouds
• Super-Eddington mass growth of intermediate-mass black holes embedded in dusty circumnuclear disks
• Identifying Direct Collapse Black Hole Seeds through their Small Host Galaxies
• Evolution of high-redshift quasar hosts and promotion of massive black hole seed formation
• How long do high-redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole vs. host galaxy relations?
• Lyman alpha emission from the first galaxies: Implications of UV backgrounds and the formation of molecules
• Population III star formation in an X-ray background: III. Periodic radiative feedback and luminosity induced by elliptical orbits
• Effect of mass loss due to stellar winds on the formation of supermassive black hole seeds in dense nuclear star clusters
• Gravitational stability and fragmentation condition for discs around accreting supermassive stars
• Stability of rigidly rotating supermassive stars against gravitational collapse
• The role of the H${}_2$ adiabatic index in the formation of the first stars
• Dusty Gas Accretion onto Massive Black Holes and Infrared Diagnosis of the Eddington Ratio
• The Assembly of Black Hole Mass and Luminosity Functions of High-redshift Quasars via Multiple Accretion Episodes
• Jet-powered supernovae of $\sim 10^5{M}_{\odot }$ population III stars are observable by $Euclid$, $WFIRST$, $WISH$, and $JWST$
• Observational properties of a general relativistic instability supernova from a primordial supermassive star
• The impact of ionizing radiation on the formation of a supermassive star in the early Universe
• Optimal neighbourhood to nurture giants: a fundamental link between star forming galaxies and direct collapse black holes
• Effects of turbulence and rotation on protostar formation as a precursor to seed black holes
• From dark matter halos to pre-stellar cores: High resolution follow-up of cosmological Lyman-Werner simulations
• Stellar Tidal Disruption Events by Direct Collapse Black Holes
• Probing the Pre-Reionization Epoch with Molecular Hydrogen Intensity Mapping
• Do the environmental conditions affect the dust-induced fragmentation in low-metallicity clouds ?: Effect of pre-ionization and far-ultraviolet/cosmic-ray fields
• Ionization degree and magnetic diffusivity in the primordial star-forming clouds
• Lyman alpha emission from the first galaxies: Signatures of accretion and infall in the presence of line trapping
• General-relativistic instability in hylotropic supermassive stars
• 3D Radiation-Hydrodynamic Simulations Resolving Interior of Rapidly Accreting Primordial Protostar
• Positive or Negative? The Impact of X-ray Feedback on the Formation of Direct Collapse Black Hole Seeds
• Growth of Massive Disk and Early Disk Fragmentation in the Primordial Star Formation
• Direct-collapse supermassive black holes from relic particle decay
• Conditions for HD Cooling in the First Galaxies Revisited: Interplay between Far-Ultraviolet and Cosmic Ray Feedback in Population III Star Formation
• Direct-collapse black hole formation induced by internal radiation of host halos
• Spiral arm instability -- III. Fragmentation of primordial protostellar discs
• Role of primordial black holes in the direct collapse scenario of supermassive black hole formation at high redshifts
• Lyman-$\alpha$ feedback prevails at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the first galaxies, stars, and star clusters
• Observing H2 Emission in Forming Galaxies
• Cosmological 21cm line observations to test scenarios of super-Eddington accretion on to black holes being seeds of high-redshifted supermassive black holes
• On the effect of Lyman alpha trapping during the initial collapse of massive black hole seeds
• Photoevaporation of Minihalos during Cosmic Reionization: Primordial and Metal-Enriched Halos
• Little Red Dots as Direct-collapse Black Hole Nurseries
• The THESAN-ZOOM project: Population III star formation continues until the end of reionization
• First emergence of cold accretion and supermassive star formation in the early universe
• Pulsation-driven mass loss from massive stars behind stellar mergers in metal-poor dense clusters
• Opacity limit for supermassive protostars
• Formation of First Galaxies inside Density Peaks and Voids under the Influence of Dark Matter-Baryon Streaming Velocity, I: Initial Condition and Simulation Scheme
• H_2 Line Emission Associated with the Formation of the First Stars
• Do Stellar Winds Prevent the Formation of Supermassive Stars by Accretion?
• Supermassive Star Formation in Magnetized Atomic-Cooling Gas Clouds: Enhanced Accretion, Intermittent Fragmentation, and Continuous Mergers
• Triggering the formation of direct collapse black holes by their congeners
• Radiative feedback for supermassive star formation in a massive cloud with H2 molecules in an atomic-cooling halo
• Feeding plankton to whales: high-redshift supermassive black holes from tiny black hole explosions
• Disk fragmentation and intermittent accretion onto supermassive stars
• Supermassive black hole seeds from sub-keV dark matter
• An analytic resolution to the competition between Lyman-Werner radiation and metal winds in direct collapse black hole hosts
• Direct Collapse to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Comparing the AMR and SPH Approaches
• On the population of primordial star clusters in the presence of UV background radiation
• Fragmentation of Primordial Filamentary Clouds under Far-Ultraviolet Radiation
• Formation of metal-free binaries: Impact of H${}_2$ line cooling and CIE cooling
• Magnetic Effects Promote Supermassive Star Formation in Metal-enriched Atomic-cooling Halos
• Metallicity Dependence of Molecular Cloud Hierarchical Structure at Early Evolutionary Stages
• Mapping the Universe in HD
• Fates of the dense cores formed by fragmentation of filaments: do they fragment again or not?
• Connecting the Dots: UV-Bright Companions of Little Red Dots as Lyman-Werner Sources Enabling Direct Collapse Black Hole Formation
• Formation of supermassive stars in the first stellar clusters: Dependence on the gas temperature
• The chemical evolution of self-gravitating primordial disks
• Effects of binary stellar populations on direct collapse black hole formation
• The Origin and Detection of High-Redshift Supermassive Black Holes
• Constraining Dynamical Dark Energy Models through the Abundance of High-Redshift Supermassive Black Holes
• Collapse of Primordial Filamentary Clouds under Far-Ultraviolet Radiation
• Lyman-alpha resonant-line radiative transfer in expanding media
• Can supermassive stars form in protogalaxies due to internal Lyman-Werner feedback?
• Ionization degree and magnetic diffusivity in star-forming clouds with different metallicities
• The Dawn of Black Holes
• Evolution and Final Fates of Rapidly Accreting Supermassive Stars
• Black hole formation via gas-dynamical processes
• Growth and Feedback from the First Black Holes
• Radio signals from early direct collapse black holes
• Triggered Population III star formation: the effect of H${}_2$ self-shielding
• Probing the Growth of Massive Black Holes with Black Hole-Host Galaxy Spin Correlations
• Star Formation for Predictive Primordial Galaxy Formation
• General-relativistic instability in rapidly accreting supermassive stars in the presence of dark matter
• The properties of supermassive stars in galaxy merger driven direct collapse I: models without rotation
• Super-Eddington Growth Ceiling: Analytic Constraints on the Rapid Growth of Light-Seed Black Holes in Massive Clumps
• Population III Star Formation in an X-ray background: II. Protostellar Discs, Multiplicity and Mass Function of the Stars
• A first look at quasar-galaxy clustering at $z\simeq 7.3$
• Direct Collapse Black Hole Candidates from Decaying Dark Matter
• Neural-Network Chemical Emulator for First-Star Formation: Robust Iterative Predictions over a Wide Density Range
• Signatures of Exploding Supermassive PopIII Stars at High Redshift in JWST, EUCLID and Roman Space Telescope
• Neutrino masses, matter-antimatter asymmetry, dark matter, and supermassive black hole formation explained with Majorons
• Population III Star Formation in an X-ray background: I. Critical Halo Mass of Formation and Total Mass in Stars
• First Stars. II. Evolution with mass loss
• Collapse of the Primordial Gas Clouds in the Presence of UV Radiation Field
• Radiative feedback on supermassive star formation: the massive end of the Population III initial mass function
• Gravitational-Wave Signatures of Massive Black Hole Formation
• Fuzzy dark matter soliton core hosting a supermassive black hole as a dense low-mass perturber in strong gravitational lensing
• The role of gas fragmentation during the formation of supermassive black holes