Warm dark matter constraints from high-$z$ Direct Collapse Black Holes using the JWST

Abstract

We use a semi-analytic model, $Delphi$, that jointly tracks the dark matter and baryonic assembly of high-redshift ($z\simeq 4-20$) galaxies to gain insight on the number density of Direct Collapse Black Hole (DCBH) hosts in three different cosmologies: the standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model and two Warm Dark Matter (WDM) models with particle masses of 3.5 and 1.5 keV. Obtaining the Lyman-Werner (LW) luminosity of each galaxy from $Delphi$, we use a clustering bias analysis to identify all, pristine halos with a virial temperature $T_{vir}>=10^4$ K that are irradiated by a LW background above a critical value as, DCBH hosts. In good agreement with previous studies, we find the DCBH number density rises from $\sim 10^{-6.1}$ to $\sim 10^{-3.5}\mathrm{cMp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-3}$ from $z\simeq 17.5$ to $8$ in the CDM model using a critical LW background value of $30J_{21}$ (where $J_{21}=10^{-21}\mathrm{erg}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}\mathrm{H}{\mathrm{z}}^{-1}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}\mathrm{s}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$). We find that a combination of delayed structure formation and an accelerated assembly of galaxies results in a later metal-enrichment and an accelerated build-up of the LW background in the 1.5 keV WDM model, resulting in DCBH hosts persisting down to much lower redshifts ($z\simeq 5$) as compared to CDM where DCBH hosts only exist down to $z\simeq 8$. We end by showing how the expected colours in three different bands of the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) onboard the forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope ($JWST$) can be used to hunt for potential $z\simeq 5-9$ DCBHs, allowing hints on the WDM particle mass.

Accepted to MNRAS with minor revision

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