Cosmological Simulations with Self-Interacting Dark Matter I: Constant Density Cores and Substructure

Abstract

We use cosmological simulations to study the effects of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) on the density profiles and substructure counts of dark matter halos from the scales of spiral galaxies to galaxy clusters, focusing explicitly on models with cross sections over dark matter particle mass σ/m = 1 and 0.1 cm^2/g. Our simulations rely on a new SIDM N-body algorithm that is derived self-consistently from the Boltzmann equation and that reproduces analytic expectations in controlled numerical experiments. We find that well-resolved SIDM halos have constant-density cores, with significantly lower central densities than their CDM counterparts. In contrast, the subhalo content of SIDM halos is only modestly reduced compared to CDM, with the suppression greatest for large hosts and small halo-centric distances. Moreover, the large-scale clustering and halo circular velocity functions in SIDM are effectively identical to CDM, meaning that all of the large-scale successes of CDM are equally well matched by SIDM. From our largest cross section runs we are able to extract scaling relations for core sizes and central densities over a range of halo sizes and find a strong correlation between the core radius of an SIDM halo and the NFW scale radius of its CDM counterpart. We construct a simple analytic model, based on CDM scaling relations, that captures all aspects of the scaling relations for SIDM halos. Our results show that halo core densities in σ/m = 1 cm^2/g models are too low to match observations of galaxy clusters, low surface brightness spirals (LSBs), and dwarf spheroidal galaxies. However, SIDM with σ/m ~ 0.1 cm^2/g appears capable of reproducing reported core sizes and central densities of dwarfs, LSBs, and galaxy clusters without the need for velocity dependence. (abridged)

26 pages, 16 figures, all figures include colors, submitted for publication in MNRAS

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• Unraveling the interplay between SIDM and baryons in MW halos: defining where baryons dictate heat transfer
• Dark matter halos in the multicomponent model. I. Substructure
• Gravothermal collapse of Self-Interacting Dark Matter halos as the Origin of Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Milky Way satellites
• Seeking Observable Imprints of Small-Scale Structure on the Properties of Dark Matter Haloes
• A test for skewed distributions of dark matter and a possible detection in galaxy cluster Abell 3827
• Numerical Challenges in Modeling Gravothermal Collapse in Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos
• A Pride of Satellites in the Constellation Leo? Discovery of the Leo VI Milky Way Satellite Galaxy with DELVE Early Data Release 3
• Towards resolving strongly-interacting dark sectors at colliders
• Thermalization time scales for WIMP capture by the Sun in effective theories
• SN-driven mechanism of cusp-core transformation: an appraisal
• The SLUGGS Survey: The Inner Dark Matter Density Slope of the Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1407
• Global radiation signature from early structure formation
• Real and counterfeit cores: how feedback expands halos and disrupts tracers of inner gravitational potential in dwarf galaxies
• Tidal features of classical Milky Way satellites in a $\Lambda$CDM universe
• Numerical challenges for energy conservation in N-body simulations of collapsing self-interacting dark matter halos
• Astrophysical probes of inelastic dark matter with a light mediator
• EDGE: Dark matter core creation depends on the timing of star formation
• A tight scaling relation of dark matter in galaxy clusters
• Snowmass-2013 Cosmic Frontier 3 (CF3) Working Group Summary: Non-WIMP dark matter
• Formation of the Little Red Dots from the Core-collapse of Self-interacting Dark Matter Halos
• Reproductive Freeze-In of Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Non-relativistic and potential non-relativistic effective field theories for scalar mediators
• Probing the inner kpc of massive galaxies with strong gravitational lensing
• Constraint on the mass of fuzzy dark matter from the rotation curve of the Milky Way
• Probing dark matter interactions with 21cm observations
• Simulations of Galaxy Cluster Collisions with a Dark Plasma Component
• Testing the parametric model for self-interacting dark matter using matched halos in cosmological simulations
• Non-linear clustering during the BEC dark matter phase transition
• Extragalactic diffuse gamma-rays from dark matter annihilation: revised prediction and full modelling uncertainties
• Discriminating power of milli-lensing observations for dark matter models
• Enhanced Early Galaxy Formation in JWST from Axion Dark Matter?
• Possible nature of Dark Matter
• Not All Subhaloes Are Created Equal: Modelling the Diversity of Subhalo Density Profiles in TNG50
• Asymmetric dark matter with a spontaneously broken $U(1{)}^{\prime }$: self-interaction and gravitational waves
• Mass models of gas-rich void dwarf galaxies
• Properties and observables of massive galaxies in self-interacting dark matter cosmologies
• Fermionic Dark Matter through a Light Pseudoscalar Portal: Hints from the DAMA Results
• WIMP capture by the Sun in the effective theory of dark matter self-interactions
• X-ray morphology of cluster-mass haloes in self-interacting dark matter
• X-Ray Shapes of Elliptical Galaxies and Implications for Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Why weak lensing cluster shapes are insensitive to self-interacting dark matter
• Galactic satellite systems in CDM, WDM and SIDM
• Mixed Warm Dark Matter Constraints using Milky Way Satellite Galaxy Counts
• Scaling relations for dark matter core density and radius from Chandra X-ray cluster sample
• SIDM Concerto: Compilation and Data Release of Self-interacting Dark Matter Zoom-in Simulations
• A balance for Dark Matter bound states
• Matching the mass function of Milky Way satellites in competing dark matter models
• Constraints on the Sommerfeld-enhanced dark matter annihilation from the gamma rays of subhalos and dwarf galaxies
• Degenerate Fermion Dark Matter from a Broken $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ Gauge Symmetry
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter and the Delay of Super-Massive Black Hole Growth
• Charge Constraints of Macroscopic Dark Matter
• Reconciliation of MOND and Dark Matter theory
• Gravitational microlensing as a probe for dark matter clumps
• Is the core-cusp problem a matter of perspective: Jeans Anisotropic Modeling against numerical simulations
• Universal scaling laws and density slope for dark matter haloes
• I. Analysis of candidates for interacting galaxy clusters
• Observational evidences of the Yukawa Potential Interacting Dark Matter
• Constraints on dark matter self-interaction from galactic core size
• Subhalo effective density slope measurements from HST strong lensing data with neural likelihood-ratio estimation
• Cutoff of IceCube Neutrino Spectrum due to t-channel Resonant Absorption by C$\nu$B
• Simulations of galaxy cluster mergers with velocity-dependent, rare and frequent self-interactions
• Numerical simulations of dark matter haloes produce polytropic central cores when reaching thermodynamic equilibrium
• Comparing Implementations of Self-Interacting Dark Matter in the Gizmo and Arepo Codes
• Probing Self-interacting Dark Matter with Disk Galaxies in Cluster Environments
• Effective theory for self-interacting dark matter and massive spin-2 mediators
• The Dark Matter Distributions in Low-Mass Disk Galaxies. I. H$\alpha$ Observations Using the Palomar Cosmic Web Imager
• X-ray lines and self-interacting dark matter
• Milli-Magnetic Monopole Dark Matter and the Survival of Galactic Magnetic Fields
• Scope of strongly self-interacting thermal WIMPs in a minimal $U(1{)}_D$ extension and its future prospects
• Prospects for Detecting Gaps in Globular Cluster Stellar Streams in External Galaxies with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Probing Bosonic Stars with Atomic Clocks
• Freeze-In of radiative keV-scale neutrino dark matter from a new $\text{U}(1{)}_{\text{B-L}}$
• The local dark matter distribution in self-interacting dark matter halos
• Gravitational-wave event rates as a new probe for dark matter microphysics
• The gap of stellar mass in galaxy groups: another perspective of the Too-big-To-Fail problem in the Milky Way
• Reconstruction of small-scale galaxy cluster substructure with lensing flexion
• Probing Velocity Dependent Self-Interacting Dark Matter with Neutrino Telescopes
• Sub-MeV Self Interacting Dark Matter
• An SO(10) \times SO(10)' model for common origin of neutrino masses, ordinary and dark matter-antimatter asymmetries
• Gravitational Lensing of Spherically Symmetric Black Holes in Dark Matter Halos
• Proton capture in compact dark stars and observable implications
• Gravothermal Catastrophe in Resonant Self-interacting Dark Matter Models
• Inferring subhalo effective density slopes from strong lensing observations with neural likelihood-ratio estimation
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter from Gravitational Scattering
• Theoretical foundations of the reduced relativistic gas in the cosmological perturbed context
• Dark Matter searches using gravitational wave bar detectors: quark nuggets and newtorites
• Testing self-interacting dark matter with galaxy warps
• Rapid onset of the 21-cm signal suggests a preferred mass range for dark matter particle
• Is it Mixed dark matter or neutrino masses?
• The proper motion of stars in dwarf galaxies: distinguishing central density cusps from cores
• Scaling relations of the slightly self-interacting cold dark matter in galaxies and clusters
• Dark halo microphysics and massive black hole scaling relations in galaxies
• Spectator dark matter in non-standard cosmologies
• The Realistic Scattering of Puffy Dark Matter
• Anisotropic strong lensing as a probe of dark matter self-interactions
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter Scattering Rates Through Cosmic Time
• Conservation of radial actions in time-dependent spherical potentials
• Strong Dark Matter Self-Interaction from a Stable Scalar Mediator
• Direct Detection with Dark Mediators
• Probing the nature of Dark Matter through the metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium
• Kinematic signatures of impulsive supernova feedback in dwarf galaxies
• Mass Modeling the Andromeda Dwarf Galaxies: Andromeda VI and Andromeda XXIII
• Modelling self-interacting dark matter substructures I: Calibration with N-body simulations of a Milky-Way-sized halo and its satellite
• Probing Dark Star Parameters Through $f$-Mode Gravitational Wave Signals
• Quantum Simulations of Dark Sector Showers
• SHARP -- IX. The dense, low-mass perturbers in B1938+666 and J0946+1006: implications for cold and self-interacting dark matter
• A Novel Scheme for Dark Matter Annihilation Feedback in Cosmological Simulations
• Small-scale Effects of Thermal Inflation on Halo Abundance at High-$z$, Galaxy Substructure Abundance and 21-cm Power Spectrum
• Testing the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter with the Radial Acceleration Relation in Galaxy Clusters
• Trial by FIRE: Probing the dark matter density profile of dwarf galaxies with GraphNPE
• A Stringent Upper Limit on Dark Matter Self-Interaction Cross Section from Cluster Strong Lensing
• Flattening of dark matter cusps during mergers: model of M31
• Vector Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Co-Interacting Dark Matter
• Super-Resonant Dark Matter
• The imprint of dark matter on the Galactic acceleration field
• Relaxing Constraints on Dark Matter Annihilation Near the Supermassive Black Hole in M87
• COZMIC. III. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations of Self-interacting Dark Matter with Suppressed Initial Conditions
• Central densities of dark matter halos in FIRE-2 simulations of low-mass galaxies with cold dark matter and self-interacting dark matter
• Probing Self-Interacting Dark Matter via Gravitational-Wave Background from Eccentric Supermassive Black Hole Mergers
• Unexpected clustering pattern in dwarf galaxies challenges formation models
• A test of invariance of dark matter halo surface density using multiwavelength mock galaxy catalogues
• Hidden sectors and a multi-temperature universe
• Dark Matter Subhalos, Strong Lensing and Machine Learning
• Warm and Cold Dark Matter in Bouncing Universe
• N-body simulations of dark matter-baryon interactions
• Cosmological Zoom-In Simulations of Milky Way Host Mass Dark Matter Halos with a Blue-Tilted Primordial Power Spectrum
• Late-Time Dark Matter Oscillations and the Core-Cusp Problem
• Cored DARKexp systems with finite size: numerical results
• Self-interacting dark matter constraints in a thick dark disk scenario
• Constraining Dwarf Spheroidal Dark Matter Halos With The Galactic Center Excess
• Self-interacting Dark Matter with Scalar Dilepton Mediator
• Dark Matter phenomenology : from simplified WIMP models to refined alternative solutions
• F-mode Oscillations of Neutron Stars with Dark Matter from Neutron Decay: Implications for Gravitational-Wave Detectability
• Constraints on Long-Ranged Interactions Between Dark Matter and the Standard Model
• Cored density profiles in the DARKexp model
• DESI forecast for Dark Matter-Neutrino interactions using EFTofLSS
• Self-interacting dark matter as a solution to the problems in small-scale structures
• On the Origin of the Variety of Velocity Dispersion Profiles of Galaxies
• Testing extensions to LCDM on small scales with forthcoming cosmic shear surveys
• Interglueball potential in SU(N) lattice gauge theory
• Core Collapse Beyond the Fluid Approximation: The Late Evolution of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos
• DARKSKIES: A suite of super-sampled zoom-in simulations of galaxy clusters with self-interacting dark matter
• Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
• Dark mesons as self-interacting dark matter
• Stellar Profile Independent Determination of the Dark Matter Distribution of the Fornax Local Group Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• Properties of subhalos in the interacting dark matter scenario
• Simulating realistic self-interacting dark matter models including small and large-angle scattering
• The Possible Equation Of State Of Dark Matter in Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• Co-interacting dark matter and conformally coupled light scalars
• The AIDA-TNG project: 3D halo shapes
• Dynamical disequilibrium in dwarf galaxies: rethinking gas dynamics, rotation curves, and dark matter inference
• Gravitational and distributed heating effects of a cD galaxy on the hydrodynamical structure of its host cluster
• Core collapse in resonant self-interacting dark matter across two decades in halo mass
• Segue 2 Recently Collided with the Cetus-Palca Stream: New Opportunities to Constrain Dark Matter in an Ultra-Faint Dwarf
• Distinguishing thermal histories of dark matter from structure formation
• The density profile of Milky Way dark matter halo constrained from the OGLE microlensing sky map
• Cosmological Dark Matter in a Conformal Model
• Investigating the collinear splitting effects of boosted dark matter at neutrino detectors
• Dark Matter and Fundamental Physics Searches with IACTs
• The radiation energy component of the Hubble function and a LCDM cosmological simulation
• Late growth of early-type galaxies in low-z massive clusters
• Dark Matter spikes around Sgr A* in $\gamma$-rays
• A test of invariance of halo surface density for FIRE-2 simulations with cold dark matter and self-interacting dark matter
• Unequal-mass mergers of dark matter haloes with rare and frequent self-interactions
• Using Strong Lensing to Detect Subhalos with Steep Inner Density Profiles
• A generalized Higgs potential with two degenerate minima for a dark QCD matter scenario
• Can dark-matter Q-balls grow to the mass gap masses?
• An Enhanced Isothermal Jeans Approach to Constraining Dark Matter Self-Interactions from Galactic Kinematics
• Dark matter haloes in the multicomponent model. III. From dwarfs to galaxy clusters
• On the morphology of $\gamma -$ray emission induced by $e^{\pm }$ from annihilating self-interacting dark matter
• Cosmological simulations with rare and frequent dark matter self-interactions
• Strongly-interacting massive particle and dark photon in the era of intensity frontier
• Decoupled Sectors and Wolf-Rayet Galaxies
• An Interpretable AI Framework to Disentangle Self-Interacting and Cold Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters: The CKAN Approach
• Towards a theory of dissipative Dark Matter I: the Born limit
• Producing and constraining self-interacting hidden sector dark matter
• Constraints on self-interaction cross-sections of dark matter in universal bound states from direct detection
• Dark Matter Energy Deposition and Production from the Table-Top to the Cosmos
• Galactic tides and the Crater II dwarf spheroidal: a challenge to LCDM?
• Forbidden Channels and SIMP Dark Matter
• Imprints of tidal interactions on the stellar distribution of satellite galaxies: implications for dark matter deficient galaxies
• A New Method to Simulate Dark Matter-Baryon Interactions and Application to an Isolated Disk Galaxy
• Probing Dark Matter with Strong Gravitational Lensing through an Effective Density Slope
• The Non-universal Pseudo Phase-Space Density Profiles of Symphony Host Halos
• Merging Galaxy Clusters and the Search for New Physics of Dark Matter: A Review
• The effects of self-interacting dark matter on the stripping of galaxies that fall into clusters
• Constraining the population of dark matter halo shapes using hierarchical inference with extragalactic stellar streams
• Calibrating the SIDM Gravothermal Catastrophe with N-body Simulations
• Overview of the ESCAPE Dark Matter Test Science Project for Astronomers