Degenerate Fermion Dark Matter from a Broken $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ Gauge Symmetry

Abstract

The extension of the Standard model by assuming $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ gauge symmetry is very well-motivated since it naturally explains the presence of heavy right-handed neutrinos required to account for the small active neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism and thermal leptogenesis. Traditionally, we introduce three right handed neutrinos to cancel the $[U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}{]}^3$ anomaly. However, it suffices to introduce two heavy right-handed neutrinos for these purposes and therefore we can replace one right-handed neutrino by new chiral fermions to cancel the $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ gauge anomaly. Then, one of the chiral fermions can naturally play a role of a dark matter candidate. In this paper, we demonstrate how this framework produces a dark matter candidate which can address the so-called "core-cusp problem". As one of the small scale problems that $\Lambda$CDM paradigm encounters, it may imply an important clue for a nature of dark matter. One of resolutions among many is hypothesizing that sub-keV fermion dark matter halos in dwarf spheroidal galaxies are in (quasi) degenerate configuration. We show how the degenerate sub-keV fermion dark matter candidate can be non-thermally originated in our model and thus can be consistent with Lyman-$\alpha$ forest observation. Thereby, the small neutrino mass, baryon asymmetry, and the sub-keV dark matter become consequences of the broken B-L gauge symmetry.

arXiv comment25 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables

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