Constraining decaying dark matter with BOSS data and the effective field theory of large-scale structures

Abstract

We update cosmological constraints on two decaying dark matter models in light of BOSS-DR12 data analyzed under the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structures (EFTofLSS) formalism, together with Planck, Pantheon and other BOSS measurements of the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO). In the first model, a fraction $f_{\mathrm{dcdm}}$ of cold dark matter (CDM) decays into dark radiation (DR) with a lifetime $\tau$. In the second model (recently suggested as a potential resolution to the $S_8$ tension), all the CDM decays with a lifetime $\tau$ into DR and a massive warm dark matter (WDM) particle, with a fraction $\epsilon$ of the CDM rest mass energy transferred to the DR. Using numerical codes from the recent literature, we perform the first calculation of the mildly non-linear (matter and galaxy) power spectra with the EFTofLSS for these two models. In the case of DR products, we obtain the constraints $f_{\mathrm{dcdm}}\lesssim 0.022$ (95\% C.L.) for lifetimes shorter than the age of the universe, and $\tau /f_{\mathrm{dcdm}}\gtrsim 250$ Gyr in the long-lived regime assuming $f_{\mathrm{dcdm}}\to 1$. We show that Planck data contributes the most to these constraints, with EFTofBOSS providing a marginal improvement over conventional BAO and redshift space distortions ($f{\sigma }_8$) data. In the case of DR and WDM decay products, we find that EFTofBOSS data significantly improves the constraints at 68\% C.L. on the CDM lifetime with a $S_8$ prior from KiDS-1000. We show that, in order to fit EFTofBOSS data while lowering $S_8$ to match KiDS-1000, the best-fit model has a longer lifetime $\tau =120$ Gyr, with a larger kick velocity $v_{\mathrm{kick}}/c\simeq \epsilon \simeq 1.2\%$, than that without EFTofBOSS ($\tau =43$ Gyr, $\epsilon =0.6\%$). We anticipate that future surveys will provide exquisite constraints on such models.

30 pages (including appendices), 17 figures. Comments welcome!

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