Formation of SMBH seeds in Pop III star clusters through collisions : the importance of mass loss

Abstract

Runaway collisions in dense clusters may lead to the formation of supermassive black hole (SMBH) seeds, and this process can be further enhanced by accretion, as recent models of SMBH seed formation in Population III star clusters have shown. This may explain the presence of supermassive black holes already at high redshift, $z>6$. However, in this context, mass loss during collisions was not considered and could play an important role for the formation of the SMBH seed. Here, we study the effect of mass loss, due to collisions of protostars, in the formation and evolution of a massive object in a dense primordial cluster. We consider both constant mass loss fractions as well as analytic models based on the stellar structure of the collision components. Our calculations indicate that mass loss can significantly affect the final mass of the possible SMBH seed. Considering a constant mass loss of 5% for every collision, we can lose between 60-80% of the total mass that is obtained if mass loss were not considered. Using instead analytical prescriptions for mass loss, the mass of the final object is reduced by 15-40%, depending on the accretion model for the cluster we study. Altogether, we obtain masses of the order of $10^4{M}_{\odot }$, which are still massive enough to be SMBH seeds.

12 pages, 9 figures, accepted by MNRAS

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• The effects of a background potential in star cluster evolution: a delay in the relaxation time-scale and runaway collision processes
• Effect of mass loss due to stellar winds on the formation of supermassive black hole seeds in dense nuclear star clusters
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• Formation of supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei II: retention and growth of seed intermediate-mass black holes
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• Refining the mass estimate for the intermediate-mass black hole candidate in NGC 3319
• Formation of supermassive stars in the first stellar clusters: Dependence on the gas temperature
• Supermassive gravitinos and giant primordial black holes
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• Studying The Effect of Radiation Pressure on Evolution of a Population III Stellar Cluster
• The black hole population in low-mass galaxies in large-scale cosmological simulations