Deciphering the imprint of AGN feedback in Seyfert galaxies: Nuclear-scale molecular gas deficits

Abstract

We use a sample of 64 nearby (D=7-45 Mpc) disk galaxies including 45 AGN and 19 non-AGN, that have high spatial resolution multiline CO observations obtained with the ALMA and/or PdBI arrays to study the distribution of cold molecular gas in their circumunuclear disks (CND). We analyze whether the concentration of cold molecular gas changes as a function of the X-ray luminosity in the 2-10 keV range ($L_{\mathrm{X}}$). We also study the concentration of the hot molecular gas using NIR data obtained for the H2 1-0S(1) line. We find a turnover in the distribution of the cold molecular gas concentration as a function of $L_{\mathrm{X}}$ with a breakpoint which divides the sample into two branches: the AGN build-up branch ($L_{\mathrm{X}}\le 10^{41.5\pm 0.3}$erg/s) and the AGN feedback branch ($L_{\mathrm{X}}\ge 10^{41.5\pm 0.3}$erg/s) . Lower luminosity AGN and non-AGN of the AGN build-up branch show high cold molecular gas concentrations and centrally peaked radial profiles on nuclear ($r\le 50$~pc) scales. Higher luminosity AGN of the AGN feedback branch, show a sharp decrease in the concentration of molecular gas and flat or inverted radial profiles. The cold molecular gas concentration index ($CCI$), defined as the ratio of surface densities at $r\le 50$~pc and $r\le 200$~pc , namely $CCI\equiv$~log${}_{10}({\Sigma }_{50}^{\mathrm{gas}}/{\Sigma }_{200}^{\mathrm{gas}}$), spans a factor ~4-5 between the galaxies lying at the high end of the AGN build-up branch and the galaxies of the AGN feedback branch. The concentration and radial distributions of the hot molecular gas in our sample follow less extreme trends as a function of the X-ray luminosity. These observations confirm, on a three times larger sample, previous evidence found by the GATOS survey that the imprint of AGN feedback on the CND-scale distribution of molecular gas is more extreme in higher luminosity Seyfert galaxies of the local universe.

arXiv commentAccepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) (14/06/2024), 26 pages, 16 figures

References in corpus (126)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor
• Simulating Galaxy Formation with the IllustrisTNG Model
• Simulating galaxy formation with black hole driven thermal and kinetic feedback
• CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey: I. Survey presentation
• Simba: Cosmological Simulations with Black Hole Growth and Feedback
• A Study of the Gas-Star Formation Relation over Cosmic Time
• A New Non-Parametric Approach to Galaxy Morphological Classification
• The 70 Month Swift-BAT All-Sky Hard X-Ray Survey
• AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies
• The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor and Dust-to-Gas Ratio on Kiloparsec Scales in Nearby Galaxies
• Kinemetry: a generalisation of photometry to the higher moments of the line-of-sight velocity distribution
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey - V. X-ray properties of the Swift/BAT 70-month AGN catalog
• How Do Massive Black Holes Get Their Gas?
• The AGN Obscuring Torus -- End of the "Doughnut" Paradigm?
• Molecular line emission in NGC1068 imaged with ALMA. I An AGN-driven outflow in the dense molecular gas
• Cool Outflows in Galaxies and their Implications
• A Close Look at Star Formation around Active Galactic Nuclei
• A New Approach to Galaxy Morphology: I. Analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Early Data Release
• Black hole variability and the star formation-AGN connection: Do all star-forming galaxies host an AGN?
• Gas accretion on spiral galaxies: bar formation and renewal
• The close environments of accreting massive black holes are shaped by radiative feedback
• Discovery of an AGN-Driven Molecular Outflow in the Local Early-Type Galaxy NGC 1266
• Fast neutral outflows in powerful radio galaxies: a major source of feedback in massive galaxies
• Driving Outflows with Relativistic Jets and the Dependence of AGN Feedback Efficiency on ISM Inhomogeneity
• Relativistic jet feedback III: feedback on gas disks
• Gravitational torque-driven black hole growth and feedback in cosmological simulations
• The PdBI Arcsecond Whirlpool Survey (PAWS). I. A Cloud-Scale/Multi-Wavelength View of the Interstellar Medium in a Grand-Design Spiral Galaxy
• A method to remove residual OH emission from near infrared spectra
• The fast molecular outflow in the Seyfert galaxy IC5063 as seen by ALMA
• Detection of HCN, HCO+ and HNC in the Mrk231 molecular outflow - Dense molecular gas in the AGN wind
• ALMA resolves the torus of NGC 1068: continuum and molecular line emission
• Relativistic Jet Feedback in Evolving Galaxies
• ALMA observations of feeding and feedback in nearby Seyfert galaxies: an AGN-driven outflow in NGC 1433
• ALMA observations of molecular tori around massive black holes
• An X-ray view of 82 LINERs with Chandra and XMM-Newton data
• The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Interferometric Observations of 126 Galaxies with CARMA
• Radiation-driven Fountain and Origin of Torus around Active Galactic Nuclei
• Dusty winds in active galactic nuclei: reconciling observations with models
• The effect of radiation pressure on dusty absorbing gas around AGN
• Observational Constraints on the Feeding of Supermassive Black Holes
• Molecular line emission in NGC1068 imaged with ALMA: II. The chemistry of the dense molecular gas
• ALMA images the many faces of the NGC1068 torus and its surroundings
• ALMA reveals the feeding of the Seyfert 1 nucleus in NGC 1566
• Molecular gas streamers feeding and obscuring the active nucleus of NGC1068
• Fueling AGN II: Spatially Resolved Molecular Inflows and Outflows
• Molecular outflows in local galaxies: Method comparison and a role of intermittent AGN driving
• The Galaxy Activity, Torus and Outflow Survey (GATOS) I. ALMA images of dusty molecular tori in Seyfert galaxies
• AGN-driven outflows without immediate quenching in simulations of high-redshift disk galaxies
• Morphology of the 12-micron Seyfert Galaxies: I. Hubble Types, Axial Ratios, Bars, and Rings
• The MAGNUM survey: different gas properties in the outflowing and disk components in nearby active galaxies with MUSE
• Redefining the torus: A unifying view of AGN in the infrared and sub-mm
• MAGNUM survey: Compact jets causing large turmoil in galaxies -- Enhanced line widths perpendicular to radio jets as tracers of jet-ISM interaction
• Molecular Gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) I.The counter-rotating LINER NGC4826
• How well can we Measure the Intrinsic Velocity Dispersion of Distant Disk Galaxies?
• High-Velocity Bipolar Molecular Emission from an AGN Torus
• ALMA Reveals an Inhomogeneous Compact Rotating Dense Molecular Torus at the NGC 1068 Nucleus
• Properties of the Multiphase Outflows in Local (Ultra)luminous Infrared Galaxies
• AGN Flickering and Chaotic Accretion
• The jet-ISM interactions in IC 5063
• Circumnuclear Multi-phase Gas in the Circinus Galaxy II: The Molecular and Atomic Obscuring Structures Revealed with ALMA
• Multi-phase Nature of a Radiation-Driven Fountain with Nuclear Starburst in a Low-mass Active Galactic Nucleus
• Counter-Rotation and High Velocity Outflow in the Parsec-Scale Molecular Torus of NGC 1068
• The multiphase gas structure and kinematics in the circumnuclear region of NGC 5728
• Do black hole masses scale with classical bulge luminosities only? The case of the two composite pseudobulge galaxies NGC3368 and NGC3489
• The diverse cold molecular gas contents, morphologies, and kinematics of type-2 quasars as seen by ALMA
• Fueling AGN-I: How the Global Characteristics of the Central Kiloparsec of Seyferts differ from Quiescent Galaxies
• Tracing the extreme interplay between radio jets and the ISM in IC5063
• Molecular gas in the centre of nearby galaxies from VLT/SINFONI integral field spectroscopy - I. Morphology and mass inventory
• Resolving the nuclear obscuring disk in the Compton-thick Seyfert galaxy NGC5643 with ALMA
• LLAMA: Normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies
• Obscuration in AGNs: near-infrared luminosity relations and dust colors
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly: The 1.4GHz SFR indicator, SFR-M* relation and predictions for ASKAP-GAMA
• Obscuring Fraction of Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications from Radiation-driven Fountain Models
• ALMA captures feeding and feedback from the active galactic nucleus in NGC613
• A nuclear molecular outflow in the Seyfert galaxy NGC3227
• Multi-phase feedback processes in the Sy2 galaxy NGC 5643
• Do Circumnuclear Dense Gas Disks Drive Mass Accretion onto Supermassive Black Holes?
• WISDOM Project - I: Black Hole Mass Measurement Using Molecular Gas Kinematics in NGC 3665
• The Infrared Emission and Opening Angle of the Torus in Quasars
• The Galaxy Activity, Torus and Outflow Survey (GATOS): II. Torus and polar dust emission in nearby Seyfert galaxies
• The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Central molecular gas depletion in AGN host galaxies -- a smoking gun for quenching?
• BASS XXXVII: The role of radiative feedback in the growth and obscuration properties of nearby supermassive black holes
• LLAMA: The $M_{BH}$ - ${\sigma }_{\star }$ Relation of the most luminous local AGNs
• Radiation-driven outflows from and radiative support in dusty tori of active galactic nuclei
• Jet-induced molecular gas excitation and turbulence in the Teacup
• The hidden heart of the luminous infrared galaxy IC 860 I. A molecular inflow feeding opaque, extreme nuclear activity
• Multiphase gas flows in the nearby Seyfert galaxy ESO428-G14
• An accreting supermassive black hole irradiating molecular gas in NGC 2110
• A Tight Correlation Between Millimeter and X-ray Emission in Accreting Massive Black Holes from <100 Milliarcsecond-resolution ALMA Observations
• AGN feedback in the nucleus of M51
• Feeding Versus Feedback in NGC1068 probed with Gemini NIFS. I. Excitation
• ALMA 0.02"-resolution observations reveal HCN-abundance-enhanced counter-rotating and outflowing dense molecular gas at the NGC 1068 nucleus
• The Physical Drivers and Observational Tracers of CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor Variations in Nearby Barred Galaxy Centers
• A radio jet drives a molecular and atomic gas outflow in multiple regions within one square kiloparsec of the nucleus of the nearby galaxy IC5063
• WISDOM Project -- X. The morphology of the molecular ISM in galaxy centres and its dependence on galaxy structure
• The Connection Between Barstrength and Circumnuclear Dust Structure
• How does the Polar Dust affect the Correlation between Dust Covering Factor and Eddington Ratio in Type 1 Quasars Selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16?
• Determining the torus covering factors for a sample of type 1 AGN in the local Universe
• The feeding of activity in galaxies: a molecular line perspective
• Geometrically thick obscuration by radiation-driven outflow from magnetized tori of active galactic nuclei
• The nuclear gas disk of NGC 1566 dissected by SINFONI and ALMA
• Local positive feedback in the overall negative: the impact of quasar winds on star formation in the FIRE cosmological simulations
• GATOS: missing molecular gas in the outflow of NGC5728 revealed by JWST
• Does the mid-infrared-hard X-ray luminosity relation for active galactic nuclei depend on Eddington ratio?
• The Keck/OSIRIS Nearby AGN Survey (KONA) I. The Nuclear K-band Properties of Nearby AGN
• Radiation hydrodynamics models of Active Galactic Nuclei: Beyond the central parsec
• Cold molecular gas and PAH emission in Seyfert galaxies
• Torus and polar dust dependence on AGN properties
• Hints on the gradual re-sizing of the torus in AGN by decomposing IRS/Spitzer spectra
• 3D Radiation hydrodynamics of a dynamical torus
• ALMA resolves the remarkable molecular jet and rotating wind in the extremely radio-quiet galaxy NGC 1377
• Feedback and ionized gas outflows in four low-radio power AGN at z $\sim$0.15
• Searching for molecular gas in/outflows in the nuclear regions of five Seyfert galaxies
• Star formation and gas flows in the centre of the NUGA galaxy NGC 1808 observed with SINFONI
• Supermassive black hole feeding and feedback observed on sub-parsec scales
• AGN feedback in action in the molecular gas ring of the Seyfert galaxy NGC7172
• Luminous, pc-scale CO 6-5 emission in the obscured nucleus of NGC1377
• A radio-jet driven outflow in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2110?
• AGN Feedback Through Multiple Jet Cycles in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 2639
• ALMA imaging of the cold molecular and dusty disk in the type 2 active nucleus of the Circinus galaxy
• High Sensitivity Observations of the Water Megamasers of NGC 1068: Precise Astrometry and Detailed Kinematics
• CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING). XII. CO-to-H${}_2$ Conversion Factor and Dust-to-Gas Ratio

Cited by in corpus (15)

• The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). V: Unveiling PAH survival and resilience in the circumnuclear regions of AGN with JWST
• Molecular gas stratification and disturbed kinematics in the Seyfert galaxy MCG-05-23-16 revealed by JWST and ALMA
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission in the Central Regions of Three Seyferts the Implication for Underlying Feedback Mechanisms
• Unveiling the warm molecular outflow component of type-2 quasars with SINFONI
• Molecular gas excitation and outflow properties of obscured quasars at z$\sim$0.1
• JWST reveals the diversity of nuclear obscuring dust in nearby AGN: nuclear isolation of MIRI/MRS datacubes and continuum spectral fitting
• Silicate emission in a type-2 quasar: JWST/MIRI constraints on torus geometry and radiative feedback
• Shocked, Heated, and Now Resolved: H${}_2$ excitation in the low-luminosity AGN at M58 core with JWST
• NGC 6860, Mrk 915, and MCG -01-24-012. II. Inflowing and outflowing cold molecular gas and the connection with ionized gas in Seyfert galaxies
• NGC 6860, Mrk 915 and MCG -01-24-012. I. Spatial anti-correlation between cold molecular and ionized gas distributions in Seyfert galaxies
• MICONIC: JWST/MIRI-MRS reveals heavily reprocessed PAH emission in the circum-nuclear disc of Centaurus A
• The properties of the obscuring material of an AGNs sample from mid-IR and X-ray simultaneous fitting
• High resolution mapping of molecular tori with ALMA
• Galaxy Activity, Torus and Outflow Survey (GATOS) X: Molecular gas clumpiness under the influence of AGN
• X-ray and CO-Derived Column Densities in AGN: A Study of Obscuration Properties in CTAGN and Non-CTAGN