Resolved Millimeter Observations of the HR 8799 Debris Disk

Abstract

We present 1.3 millimeter observations of the debris disk surrounding the HR 8799 multi-planet system from the Submillimeter Array to complement archival ALMA observations that spatially filtered away the bulk of the emission. The image morphology at $3.8$ arcsecond (150 AU) resolution indicates an optically thin circumstellar belt, which we associate with a population of dust-producing planetesimals within the debris disk. The interferometric visibilities are fit well by an axisymmetric radial power-law model characterized by a broad width, $\Delta R/R\gtrsim 1$. The belt inclination and orientation parameters are consistent with the planet orbital parameters within the mutual uncertainties. The models constrain the radial location of the inner edge of the belt to $R_{\text{in}}=104_{-12}^{+8}$ AU. In a simple scenario where the chaotic zone of the outermost planet b truncates the planetesimal distribution, this inner edge location translates into a constraint on the planet~b mass of $M_{\text{pl}}=5.8_{-3.1}^{+7.9}$ M${}_{\mathrm{Jup}}$. This mass estimate is consistent with infrared observations of the planet luminosity and standard hot-start evolutionary models, with the uncertainties allowing for a range of initial conditions. We also present new 9 millimeter observations of the debris disk from the Very Large Array and determine a millimeter spectral index of $2.41\pm 0.17$. This value is typical of debris disks and indicates a power-law index of the grain size distribution $q=3.27\pm 0.10$, close to predictions for a classical collisional cascade.

18 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ApJ

References in corpus (16)

• Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
• On the Luminosity of Young Jupiters
• Detection of Carbon Monoxide and Water Absorption Lines in an Exoplanet Atmosphere
• Simultaneous Detection of Water, Methane and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of Exoplanet HR8799b
• SONS: The JCMT legacy survey of debris discs in the submillimetre
• Reconnaissance of the HR 8799 Exosolar System II: Astrometry and Orbital Motion
• Gemini Planet Imager Spectroscopy of the HR 8799 planets c and d
• Dynamical evolution of an eccentric planet and a less massive debris disc
• The Dust Properties of Eight Debris Disk Candidates as Determined by Submillimeter Photometry
• VLT/SPHERE robust astrometry of the HR8799 planets at milliarcsecond-level accuracy Orbital architecture analysis with PyAstrOFit
• Stirring in massive, young debris discs from spatially resolved Herschel images
• ALMA observations of the debris disk around the young Solar Analog HD 107146
• The LEECH Exoplanet Imaging Survey. Further constraints on the planet architecture of the HR 8799 system
• ALMA 1.3 Millimeter Map of the HD 95086 System
• Long-term stability of the HR 8799 planetary system without resonant lock
• On the cavity of a debris disc carved by a giant planet

Cited by in corpus (31)

• The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics From 10-100 AU
• Debris Disks: Structure, Composition, and Variability
• Dynamical Constraints on the HR 8799 Planets with GPI
• Radial Velocity Measurements of HR 8799 b and c with Medium Resolution Spectroscopy
• Rotation Periods, Inclinations, and Obliquities of Cool Stars Hosting Directly Imaged Substellar Companions: Spin-Orbit Misalignments are Common
• Deep exploration of the planets HR 8799 b, c, and d with moderate resolution spectroscopy
• Solar System Physics for Exoplanet Research
• A gap in HD 92945's broad planetesimal disc revealed by ALMA
• A search for a 5th planet around HR 8799 using the star-hopping RDI technique at VLT/SPHERE
• Four-of-a-kind? Comprehensive atmospheric characterisation of the HR 8799 planets with VLTI/GRAVITY
• ALMA Detection of Extended Millimeter Halos in the HD 32297 and HD 61005 Debris Disks
• Self-Stirring of Debris Discs by Planetesimals Formed by Pebble Concentration
• A detailed characterization of HR 8799's debris disk with ALMA in Band 7
• Insights into the planetary dynamics of HD 206893 with ALMA
• The Scattered Disc of HR 8799
• Orbital and dynamical analysis of the system around HR 8799. New astrometric epochs from VLT/SPHERE and LBT/LUCI
• An exact, generalised Laplace resonance in the HR 8799 planetary system
• Zombie Vortex Instability. III. Persistence with Nonuniform Stratification and Radiative Damping
• A High-Contrast Search for Variability in HR 8799bc with VLT-SPHERE
• Imaging detection of the inner dust belt and the four exoplanets in the HR8799 system with JWST's MIRI coronagraph
• Dust Populations in the Iconic Vega Planetary System Resolved by ALMA
• The orbital architecture and debris disks of the HR 8799 planetary system
• Dynamical Mass of the Exoplanet Host Star HR 8799
• Resolving Structure in the Debris Disk around HD 206893 with ALMA
• The REASONS Survey: Resolved Millimeter Observations of a Large Debris Disk Around the Nearby F Star HD 170773
• Deep orbital search for additional planets in the HR 8799 system
• MADYS: the Manifold Age Determination for Young Stars
• Debris Disks in Multi-Planet Systems: Are Our Inferences Compromised by Unseen Planets?
• The post-main-sequence fate of the HR 8799 planetary system
• Four new PLanetesimals Around TYpical and Pre-main seqUence Stars (PLATYPUS) Debris Discs at 8.8mm
• Properties of outer solar system pebbles during planetesimal formation from meteor observations