The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) II. The radial structure of debris discs

Abstract

The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) was recently completed to cover the lack of high-resolution observations of debris discs and to investigate the prevalence of substructures such as radial gaps and rings in a sample of 24 discs. This study characterises the radial structure of debris discs in the ARKS programme. To identify and quantify the disc substructures, we modelled all discs with a range of non-parametric and parametric approaches. We find that of the 24 discs in the sample, 5 host multiple rings, 7 are single rings that display halos or additional low-amplitude rings, and 12 are single rings with at most tentative evidence of additional substructures. The fractional ring widths that we measured are significantly narrower than previously derived values, and they follow a distribution similar to the fractional widths of individual rings resolved in protoplanetary discs. However, there exists a population of rings in debris discs that are significantly wider than those in protoplanetary discs. We also find that discs with steep inner edges consistent with planet sculpting tend to be found at smaller (<100 au) radii, while more radially extended discs tend to have shallower edges more consistent with collisional evolution. An overwhelming majority of discs have radial profiles well-described by either a double power law or double-Gaussian parametrisation. While our findings suggest that it may be possible for some debris discs to inherit their structures directly from protoplanetary discs, there exists a sizeable population of broad debris discs that cannot be explained in this way. Assuming that the distribution of millimetre dust reflects the distribution of planetesimals, mechanisms that cause rings in protoplanetary discs to migrate or debris discs to broaden soon after formation may be at play, possibly mediated by planetary migration or scattering.

38 pages, 17 figures, 11 tables. Published in A&A

References in corpus (64)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Gaps, Rings, and Non-Axisymmetric Structures in Protoplanetary Disks - From Simulations to ALMA Observations
• Transience of hot dust around sun-like stars
• A planet within the debris disk around the pre-main-sequence star AU Microscopii
• Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
• Molecular Gas Clumps from the Destruction of Icy Bodies in the $\beta$ Pictoris Debris Disk
• The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE). III. The demographics of young giant exoplanets below 300 au with SPHERE
• Long-Term Collisional Evolution of Debris Disks
• Resolved Debris Discs Around A Stars in the Herschel DEBRIS Survey
• Near-infrared scattered light properties of the HR4796A dust ring: a measured scattering phase function from 13.6deg to 166.6deg
• SONS: The JCMT legacy survey of debris discs in the submillimetre
• Exocometary gas structure, origin and physical properties around $\beta$ Pictoris through ALMA CO multi-transition observations
• Molecular gas in debris disks around young A-type stars
• A Complete ALMA Map of the Fomalhaut Debris Disk
• ALMA observations of the $\eta$ Corvi debris disc: inward scattering of CO-rich exocomets by a chain of 3-30 M${}_{\oplus }$ planets?
• Five steps in the evolution from protoplanetary to debris disk
• Kuiper Belt-Like Hot and Cold Populations of Planetesimal Inclinations in the $\beta$ Pictoris Belt Revealed by ALMA
• Dynamical evolution of an eccentric planet and a less massive debris disc
• Frankenstein: Protoplanetary disc brightness profile reconstruction at sub-beam resolution with a rapid Gaussian process
• Planetary chaotic zone clearing: destinations and timescales
• Stirring in massive, young debris discs from spatially resolved Herschel images
• Efficient planet formation by pebble accretion in ALMA rings
• Planet populations inferred from debris discs: insights from 178 debris systems in the ISPY, LEECH and LIStEN planet-hunting surveys
• A gap in HD 92945's broad planetesimal disc revealed by ALMA
• The Mass of Stirring Bodies in the AU Mic Debris Disk Inferred from Resolved Vertical Structure
• ALMA observations of the narrow HR 4796A debris ring
• A statistically significant lack of debris discs in medium separation binary systems
• ALMA Detection of Extended Millimeter Halos in the HD 32297 and HD 61005 Debris Disks
• A detailed characterization of HR 8799's debris disk with ALMA in Band 7
• The unseen planets of double belt debris disk systems
• Insights into the planetary dynamics of HD 206893 with ALMA
• Formation of Gaps in Self-Gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System I: A Simplified Model
• Multiple Rings of Millimeter Dust Emission in the HD 15115 Debris Disk
• ALMA 1.3 Millimeter Map of the HD 95086 System
• Does warm debris dust stem from asteroid belts?
• From Pebbles and Planetesimals to Planets and Dust: the Protoplanetary Disk--Debris Disk Connection
• The vertical structure of debris disks and the impact of gas
• High resolution ALMA and HST images of q${}^1$ Eri: an asymmetric debris disc with an eccentric Jupiter
• Super-resolution trends in the ALMA Taurus survey: Structured inner discs and compact discs
• The Exceptionally Large Debris Disk around γOphiuchi
• The unexpected narrowness of eccentric debris rings: a sign of eccentricity during the protoplanetary disc phase
• Constraining planetesimal stirring: how sharp are debris disc edges?
• The clumpy structure of $\epsilon$ Eridani's debris disc revisited by ALMA
• Deprojecting and constraining the vertical thickness of exoKuiper belts
• The TREX Survey: Kinematical Complexity Throughout M33's Stellar Disk and Evidence for a Stellar Halo
• Clearing residual planetesimals by sweeping secular resonances in transitional disks: a lone-planet scenario for the wide gaps in debris disks around Vega and Fomalhaut
• Resolving Structure in the Debris Disk around HD 206893 with ALMA
• Gap carving by a migrating planet embedded in a massive debris disc
• The formation of wide exoKuiper belts from migrating dust traps
• Multiwavelength Vertical Structure in the AU Mic Debris Disk: Characterizing the Collisional Cascade
• Rave: A non-parametric method for recovering the surface brightness and height profiles of edge-on debris disks
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) I: Motivation, sample, data reduction, and results overview
• Dust Spreading in Debris Discs: Do Small Grains Cling on to Their Birth Environment?
• Inner edges of planetesimal belts: collisionally eroded or truncated?
• Polarization from Aligned Dust Grains in the $\beta$ Pic Debris Disk
• Relating grain size distributions in circumstellar discs to the spectral index at millimetre wavelengths
• High-resolution ALMA observations of compact discs in the wide-binary system Sz 65 and Sz 66
• Morphology of the gas-rich debris disk around HD 121617 with SPHERE observations in polarized light
• A re-investigation of debris disc halos
• Herschel Observations of Disks around Late-type Stars
• Regularized Maximum Likelihood Image Synthesis and Validation for ALMA Continuum Observations of Protoplanetary Disks
• Radial Profiles of Surface Density in Debris Discs
• The Ophiuchus DIsk Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA): A Unified Evolutionary Sequence of Planet-Driven Substructures Explaining the Diversity of Disk Morphologies

Cited by in corpus (9)

• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS): VI. Asymmetries and offsets
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) V: Comparison between scattered light and thermal emission
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) III: The vertical structure of debris disks
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) IV: CO gas imaging and overview
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) VII: Optically thick gas with broad CO gaussian local line profiles in the HD 121617 disc
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS). X. Interpreting the peculiar dust rings around HD 131835
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) VIII: A dust arc and non-Keplerian gas kinematics in HD 121617
• Direct Imaging Discovery of Giant Exoplanet $\beta$ Pictoris d: A Decade-Long Game of Hide-and-Seek
• The ALMA survey to Resolve exoKuiper belt Substructures (ARKS) XI: Gas-dust interactions and radial offsets between micron and millimetre-sized grains