Simulating star formation in molecular cores II. The effects of different levels of turbulence

Abstract

(Abridged) We explore, by means of a large ensemble of SPH simulations, how the level of turbulence affects the collapse and fragmentation of a star-forming core. All our simulated cores have the same, except that we vary (a) the initial level of turbulence (as measured by the ratio of turbulent to gravitational energy, ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{turb}}\equiv U_{\mathrm{turb}}/|\Omega |=0,0.01,0.025,0.05,0.10\mathrm{and}0.25$) and (b), for fixed ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{turb}}$, the details of the initial turbulent velocity field (so as to obtain good statistics). A low level of turbulence (${\alpha }_{\mathrm{turb}}\sim 0.05$) suffices to produce multiple systems. As ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{turb}}$ is increased, the number of objects formed and the companion frequency both increase. The mass function is bimodal, with a flat low-mass segment representing single objects ejected from the core before they can accrete much, and a Gaussian high-mass segment representing objects which because they remain in the core grow by accretion and tend to pair up in multiple systems.

15 pages, 8 figures. In press in A&A

References in corpus (1)

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