Probing Intra-Halo Light with Galaxy Stacking in CIBER Images

Abstract

We study the stellar halos of $0.2\lesssim z\lesssim 0.5$ galaxies with stellar masses spanning $M_{\ast }\sim 10^{10.5}$ to $10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$ (approximately $L_{\ast }$ galaxies at this redshift) using imaging data from the Cosmic Infrared Background Experiment (CIBER). A previous CIBER fluctuation analysis suggested that intra-halo light (IHL) contributes a significant portion of the near-infrared extragalactic background light (EBL), the integrated emission from all sources throughout cosmic history. In this work, we carry out a stacking analysis with a sample of $\sim$30,000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometric galaxies from CIBER images in two near-infrared bands (1.1 and 1.8 $\mu$m) to directly probe the IHL associated with these galaxies. We stack galaxies in five sub-samples split by brightness, and detect an extended galaxy profile, beyond the instrument point spread function (PSF), derived by stacking stars. We jointly fit a model for the inherent galaxy light profile, plus large-scale one- and two-halo clustering to measure the extended galaxy IHL. We detect non-linear one-halo clustering in the 1.8 $\mu$m band, at a level consistent with numerical simulations. Our results on the galaxy profile suggest that $\sim 50\%$ of the total galaxy light budget in our galaxy sample resides in the outskirts of the galaxies at $r>10$ kpc. We describe this extended emission as IHL and and are able to study how this fraction evolves with cosmic time. These results are new in the near-infrared wavelength at the $L_{\ast }$ mass scale, and suggest that IHL has a significant contribution to the integrated galactic light, and to the amplitude of large-scale background fluctuations.

arXiv comment29 pages, 17 figures, accepted by ApJ

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