K-band Properties of Galaxy Clusters and Groups: Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light

Abstract

We investigate the near-infrared K-band properties of the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in a sample of 93 galaxy clusters and groups, using data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. Our cluster sample spans a factor of 70 in mass, making it sensitive to cluster mass related trends. We study the correlations between the BCG luminosity L_b and the mass or luminosity of the host clusters, finding that BCGs in more massive clusters are more luminous than their counterparts in less massive systems, and that the BCGs become less important in the overall cluster light L200 as cluster mass increases. We argue that BCGs grow in luminosity mainly by merging with other luminous galaxies as the host clusters grow hierarchically; the decreasing BCG luminosity fraction L_b/L_200 with cluster mass indicates that the rate of luminosity growth in BCGs is slow compared to the rate at which clusters acquire galaxy light from the field or other merging clusters. We use the observed cluster luminosity-mass relation and a merger tree model to estimate that the amount of intracluster light (ICL) increases with cluster mass; calculations suggest that in 10^{15}Mo clusters more than 50% of total stellar mass is in ICL. The cluster baryon fraction accounting for the ICL is in good agreement with the CMB constraints. The inclusion of ICL reduces thediscrepancy between the observed cluster cold baryon fraction and that found in hydro simulations. Based on the observed Fe abundance in the ICM, we find that the predicted ICL together with the observed galaxy light, match the Fe mass-tolight ratio expected from simple stellar population models with a Salpeter IMF. The ICL also makes it easier to produce the Fe core excess found in cool-core clusters. (abridged)

18 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

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• Intracluster Planetary Nebulae in the Virgo Cluster III: Luminosity of the Intracluster Light and Tests of the Spatial Distribution
• Intracluster Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the Intracluster Medium

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• Galaxy pairs in The Three Hundred simulations II: studying bound ones and identifying them via machine learning
• Multiple AGN activity during the BCG assembly of XDCPJ0044.0-2033 at z~1.6
• The XXL Survey LI. Pressure profile and $Y_{\mathrm{SZ}}$-$M$ scaling relation in three low-mass galaxy clusters at $z\sim 1$ observed with NIKA2
• The natural science of cosmology
• An extreme case of galaxy and cluster co-evolution at $z$=0.7
• The Near-Infrared Surface Brightness Distribution of NGC4696
• Missing baryons in shells around galaxy clusters
• The stellar and hot gas content of low-mass galaxy clusters
• The catalogue of virtual early-type galaxies from IllustrisTNG: validation and real observation consistency
• The Swift AGN and Cluster Survey. II. Cluster Confirmation with SDSS Data
• The intragroup light in KiDS+GAMA groups: A stacking analysis
• Possible Relations between Brightest Central Galaxies and Their Host Galaxies Clusters and Groups
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Two X-ray Diffuse and Massive Galaxy Clusters at Low Redshift
• Constraining Merging Galaxy Clusters with X-ray and Lensing Simulations and Observations: The case of Abell 2146
• Tracing the evolution of brightest galaxies and diffuse light in galaxy groups
• Optimizing Observational Strategy for Future Fgas Constraints
• Constraining hydrostatic mass bias and cosmological parameters with the gas mass fraction in galaxy clusters
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Cannibalism Caught in the Act -- on the Frequency of Occurrence of Multiple Cores in Brightest Cluster Galaxies
• CS-ROMER: A novel compressed sensing framework for Faraday depth reconstruction
• The Slow Growth of Massive Galaxies in Rapidly Growing Dark Matter Halos
• The Splashback Mass Function of Galaxy Clusters from Photometric Data
• Multi-wavelength insights into the pulsar wind nebula candidate near 1LHAASO J0343+5254u: an obscured merging galaxy cluster?
• The Journey to Dominance: How BCGs Evolve Differently from Other Massive Galaxies
• Examining Baryonic Faber-Jackson Relation in Galaxy Groups
• Independent Evidence for earlier formation epochs of fossil groups of galaxies through the intracluster light: the case for RX J100742.53+380046.6
• Co-evolution of the Brightest Cluster Galaxies and their Host Clusters in IllustrisTNG