The XXL Survey XLIV. Sunyaev-Zel'dovich mapping of a low-mass cluster at z~1: a multi-wavelength approach

Abstract

In this paper, we present resolved observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, obtained with the NIKA2 camera, towards the cluster of galaxies XLSSC102, a relatively low-mass system ($M_{500}\sim 2\times 10^{14}$ M${}_{\odot }$) at $z=0.97$ detected from the XXL survey. We combine NIKA2 SZ data, XMM-Newton X-ray data, and Megacam optical data to explore, respectively, the spatial distribution of the gas electron pressure, the gas density, and the galaxies themselves. We find significant offsets between the X-ray peak, the SZ peak, the brightest cluster galaxy, and the peak of galaxy density. Additionally, the galaxy distribution and the gas present elongated morphologies. This is interpreted as the sign of a recent major merging event, which induced a local boost of the gas pressure towards the north of XLSSC102 and stripped the gas out of the galaxy group. The NIKA2 data are also combined with XXL data to construct the thermodynamic profiles of XLSSC102, obtaining relatively tight constraints up to about $\sim r_{500}$, and revealing properties that are typical of disturbed systems. We also explore the impact of the cluster centre definition and the implication of local pressure substructure on the recovered profiles. Finally, we derive the global properties of XLSSC102 and compare them to those of high-mass-and-low-redshift systems, finding no strong evidence for non-standard evolution. We also use scaling relations to obtain alternative mass estimates from our profiles. The variation between these different mass estimates reflects the difficulty to accurately measure the mass of low-mass clusters at z$\sim$1, especially with low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) data and for a disturbed system. However, it also highlights the strength of resolved SZ observations alone and in combination with survey-like X-ray data.

Accepted in A&A

References in corpus (11)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• The galaxy cluster mass scale and its impact on cosmological constraints from the cluster population
• Searching for Cool Core Clusters at High redshift
• The NIKA2 large field-of-view millimeter continuum camera for the 30-m IRAM telescope
• Pressure distribution of the high-redshift cluster of galaxies CL J1226.9+3332 with NIKA
• Precision cosmology with a wide area XMM cluster survey
• CoMaLit - II. The scaling relation between mass and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signal for Planck selected galaxy clusters
• Mapping the hot gas temperature in galaxy clusters using X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich imaging
• Offsets between the X-ray and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich-effect peaks in merging galaxy clusters and their cosmological implications
• High density of active galactic nuclei in the outskirts of distant galaxy clusters
• HIFLUGCS: X-ray luminosity -- dynamical mass relation and its implications for mass calibrations with the SPIDERS and 4MOST surveys

Cited by in corpus (10)

• The Three Hundred Project: quest of clusters of galaxies morphology and dynamical state through Zernike Polynomials
• Exploiting NIKA2/XMM-Newton imaging synergy for intermediate mass, high-$z$ galaxy clusters within the NIKA2 SZ Large Program
• MINOT: Modeling the intracluster medium (non-)thermal content and observable prediction tools
• Witnessing the intracluster medium assembly at the cosmic noon in JKCS041
• Retrieving cosmological information from small-scale CMB foregrounds I. The thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect
• XLSSC 122 caught in the act of growing up: Spatially resolved SZ observations of a z=1.98 galaxy cluster
• The XXL Survey: XLVIII; X-ray follow-up of distant XXL clusters: Masses, scaling relations and AGN contamination
• The XXL Survey LI. Pressure profile and $Y_{\mathrm{SZ}}$-$M$ scaling relation in three low-mass galaxy clusters at $z\sim 1$ observed with NIKA2
• Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Resolving the Hot and Ionized Universe through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
• Exploiting the high-resolution NIKA2 data to study the intracluster medium and dynamical state of ACT-CL J0240.0+0116