Building up the Stellar Halo of the Galaxy

Abstract

We study numerical simulations of satellite galaxy disruption in a potential resembling that of the Milky Way. Our goal is to assess whether a merger origin for the stellar halo would leave observable fossil structure in the phase-space distribution of nearby stars. We show how mixing of disrupted satellites can be quantified using a coarse-grained entropy. Although after 10 Gyr few obvious asymmetries remain in the distribution of particles in configuration space, strong correlations are still present in velocity space. We give a simple analytic description of these effects, based on a linearised treatment in action-angle variables, which shows how the kinematic and density structure of the debris stream changes with time. By applying this description we find that a single satellite of current luminosity $10^8 L_\sun$ disrupted 10 Gyr ago from an orbit circulating in the inner halo (mean apocentre $\sim 12$ kpc) would contribute about $\sim 30$ kinematically cold streams with internal velocity dispersions below 5 km/s to the local stellar halo. If the whole stellar halo were built by disrupted satellites, it should consist locally of 300 - 500 such streams. Clear detection of all these structures would require a sample of a few thousand stars with 3-D velocities accurate to better than 5 km/s. Even with velocity errors several times worse than this, the expected clumpiness should be quite evident. We apply our formalism to a group of stars detected near the North Galactic Pole, and derive an order of magnitude estimate for the initial properties of the progenitor system.

28 pages, 10 figures, minor changes, matches the version to appear in MNRAS, Vol. 307, p.495-517 (August 1999)

References in corpus (10)

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• Elliptical Galaxy Dynamics
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