Debris streams in the solar neighbourhood as relicts from the formation of the Milky Way

Abstract

It is now generally believed that galaxies were built up through gravitational amplification of primordial fluctuations and the subsequent merging of smaller precursor structures. The stars of the structures that assembled to form the Milky Way should now make up much or all of its bulge and halo, in which case one hopes to find "fossil" evidence for those precursor structures in the present distribution of halo stars. Confirmation that this process is continuing came with the discovery of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, which is being disrupted by the Milky Way, but direct evidence that this process provided the bulk of the Milky Way's population of old stars has so far been lacking. Here we show that about ten per cent of the metal--poor stars in the halo of the Milky Way, outside the radius of the Sun's orbit, come from a single coherent structure that was disrupted during or soon after the Galaxy's formation. This object had a highly inclined orbit about the Milky Way at a maximum distance of $\sim$ 16 kpc, and it probably resembled the Fornax and Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxies.

10 pages, 2 figures. To appear as a Letter to Nature on November 4

Cited by in corpus (413)

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• Discovery of the shell structure via break radii in the outer halo of the Milky Way
• Building Blocks of the Milky Way's Accreted Spheroid
• Probing the mass function of halo dark matter via microlensing
• Building an Acceleration Ladder with Tidal Streams and Pulsar Timing
• Chemical tagging with APOGEE, MUSE, and HST: constraints on the formation of $\omega$ Centauri
• Elliptical (E) and ellicular (ES) galaxies in the M_bh-M_*,sph diagram, and a merger-driven explanation for the origin of ES galaxies, anti-truncated stellar discs in lenticular galaxies, and the Sersicification of E galaxy light profiles
• Local stellar kinematics from RAVE data- V. Kinematic investigation of the Galaxy with red clump stars
• On the Use of Field RR Lyrae as Galactic Probes -- VIII. Early Formation of the Galactic Spheroid
• Intermediate Mass Ratio Inspirals in Milky Way Galaxies
• Semi-analytic modelling of the europium production by neutron star mergers in the halo of the Milky Way
• The Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy
• Modelling the chemical evolution of the Milky Way
• Chemical abundances of field halo stars -- Implications for the building blocks of the Milky Way
• New Models for a Triaxial Milky Way Spheroid and Effect on the Microlensing Optical Depth to the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Globular clusters as indicators of Galactic evolution
• Disentanglement of the chemodynamical assembly: mapping the Milky Way disks
• Stellar substructures in the Galactic disc and halo: Properties, origins, and evolution
• LAMOST 1: A Disrupted Satellite in the Constellation Draco
• Main-sequence Turnoff Stars as Probes of the Ancient Galactic Relic: Chemo-dynamical Analysis of a Pilot Sample
• Identifying substructure associations in the Milky Way halo using chemo-kinematic tagging
• The role of environment on the evolution of disc galaxies density profiles New insights from simulations and comparison to Euclid data
• The visitor from an ancient galaxy: A planetary companion around an old, metal-poor red horizontal branch star
• Rise of the forsaken relics: connecting present-day stellar streams and phase-mixed galaxies to the Epoch of Reionization
• On the origin of high eccentricity halo stars
• Chemo-dynamical reconstruction of Milky Way globular cluster progenitors: Age-metallicity relations and the universality of multiple stellar populations
• Study of The Abundance Patterns in The Metal-Poor Stellar Stream
• The mass and redshift dependence of halo star clustering
• Asteroseismology of red giants & galactic archaeology
• Using two point correlation functions to understand the assembly histories of Milky Way-like galaxies
• HE0144-4657: A Carbon-Enhanced Ultra Metal-Poor Star ([Fe/H] ~ -4.1) from the Helmi Stream Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
• Two faces of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus: Mining the chemical abundance space with graph attention networks
• Moving Groups in the Solar Neighborhood with Gaia, APOGEE, GALAH, and LAMOST: Dynamical Effects Gather Gas and the Ensuing Star Formation Plays an Important Role in Shaping the Stellar Velocity Distributions
• Searching for and characterizing halo substructures with the GALAH DR4 survey
• COSTA: the COld STream finder Algorithm. Searching for kinematical substructures in the phase space of discrete tracers
• A search for stellar structures around nine outer halo globular clusters in the Milky Way
• Stellar populations of stellar halos: Results from the Illustris simulation
• Machine Learning for Galactic Archaeology: A chemistry-based neural network method for identification of accreted disc stars
• Probing the Milky Way Halo with RR Lyrae Stars from Gaia Data Release 3
• Cosmology on a Mesh
• Demonstration of Plate Analysis, an algorithm for precise relative astrometry
• Testing MOND using the dynamics of nearby stellar streams
• Wrinkles in Time. II. Stellar Age Trends in Kinematic Signatures from Transient Spiral Structure