The Chemo-Dynamical Groups of Galactic Globular Clusters

Abstract

We introduce a multi-component chemo-dynamical method for splitting the Galactic population of Globular Clusters (GCs) into three distinct constituents: bulge, disc, and stellar halo. The latter is further decomposed into the individual large accretion events that built up the Galactic stellar halo: the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage, Kraken and Sequoia structures, and the Sagittarius and Helmi streams. Our modelling is extensively tested using mock GC samples constructed from the AURIGA suite of hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way (MW)-like galaxies. We find that, on average, a proportion of the accreted GCs cannot be associated with their true infall group and are left ungrouped, biasing our recovered population numbers to approximately 80 percent of their true value. Furthermore, the identified groups have a completeness and a purity of only 65 percent. This reflects the difficulty of the problem, a result of the large degree of overlap in energy-action space of the debris from past accretion events. We apply the method to the Galactic data to infer, in a statistically robust and easily quantifiable way, the GCs associated with each MW accretion event. The resulting groups' population numbers of GCs, corrected for biases, are then used to infer the halo and stellar masses of the now defunct satellites that built up the halo of the MW.

18 pages, 11 figures, + Appendices

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• The R-Process Alliance: Chemo-Dynamically Tagged Groups II. An Extended Sample of Halo $r$-Process-Enhanced Stars
• Phase-space Properties and Chemistry of the Sagittarius Stellar Stream Down to the Extremely Metal-poor ($[Fe/H]\lesssim -3$) Regime
• Modeling the kinematics of globular cluster systems
• Classifying globular clusters and applying them to estimate the mass of the Milky Way
• Ca Triplet Metallicities and Velocities for twelve Globular Clusters towards the Galactic Bulge
• Determining Satellite Infall Times Using Machine Learning
• Sulfur abundances in three Galactic clusters: Ruprecht 106, Trumpler 5 and Trumpler 20