Accurate distances to Galactic globular clusters through a combination of Gaia EDR3, HST and literature data

Abstract

We have derived accurate distances to Galactic globular clusters by combining data from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 with distances based on Hubble Space telescope HST data and literature based distances. We determine distances either directly from the Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, or kinematically by combining line-of-sight velocity dispersion profiles with Gaia EDR3 and HST based proper motion velocity dispersion profiles. We furthermore calculate cluster distances from fitting nearby subdwarfs, whose absolute luminosities we determine from their Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, to globular cluster main-sequences. We finally use HST based stellar number counts to determine distances. We find good agreement in the average distances derived from the different methods down to a level of about 2%. Combining all available data, we are able to derive distances to 162 Galactic globular clusters, with the distances to about 20 nearby globular clusters determined with an accuracy of 1% or better. We finally discuss the implications of our distances for the value of the local Hubble constant.

arXiv comment52 pages,29 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, Globular cluster data also available from http://people.smp.uq.edu.au/HolgerBaumgardt/globular/

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• UltraCompCAT: a comprehensive Catalogue of Ultra-Compact and Short Orbital Period X-ray Binaries
• Discovery and timing of ten new millisecond pulsars in the globular cluster Terzan 5
• Cluster Ages to Reconstruct the Milky Way Assembly (CARMA) I. The final word on the origin of NGC6388 and NGC6441
• Stellar mass segregation as separating classifier between globular clusters and ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
• Compact Object Modeling in the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae
• A Census of X-ray Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters
• Stellar graveyards: Clustering of compact objects in globular clusters NGC 3201 and NGC 6397
• Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO) I. An updated census of APOGEE N-rich giants across the Milky Way
• The period--luminosity relation for Mira variables in the Milky Way using Gaia DR3: a further distance anchor for $H_0$
• Four pulsar discoveries in NGC 6624 by TRAPUM using MeerKAT
• oMEGACat I: MUSE spectroscopy of 300,000 stars within the half-light radius of $\omega$ Centauri
• Identification of Sagittarius stream members in Angular Momentum space with Gaussian mixture techniques
• Discovery of a new Local Group Dwarf Galaxy Candidate in UNIONS: Boötes V
• Digging into the Galactic Bulge: stellar population and structure of the poorly studied cluster NGC 6316
• A census of new globular clusters in the Galactic bulge
• The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XXIV. Differences in internal kinematics of multiple stellar populations
• Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales. I. Evolution of the orbital parameters in time-varying potentials
• Electron conduction opacities at the transition between moderate and strong degeneracy: Uncertainties and impact on stellar models
• Modeling the kinematics of globular cluster systems
• MOCCA: Dynamics and evolution of binary stars of multiple stellar populations in tidally filling and underfilling globular star clusters
• The oblateness of the Milky Way dark matter halo from the stellar streams of NGC 3201, M68, and Palomar 5
• Hidden in the Haystack: Low-luminosity globular clusters towards the Milky Way bulge
• Multimass modelling of Milky Way globular clusters -- I. Implications on their stellar initial mass function above 1 M${}_{\odot }$
• The e-TidalGCs Project: Modeling the extra-tidal features generated by Galactic globular clusters
• Unveiling the nature of 12 new low-luminosity Galactic Globular Cluster Candidates
• Classifying globular clusters and applying them to estimate the mass of the Milky Way
• On the origins of extreme velocity stars as revealed by large-scale Galactic surveys
• oMEGACat III. Multi-band photometry and metallicities reveal spatially well-mixed populations within $\omega$ Centauri's half-light radius
• Zwicky Transient Facility and Globular Clusters: The Period-Luminosity and Period-Wesenheit Relations for Type II Cepheids
• RR Lyrae mid-infrared Period-Luminosity-Metallicity and Period-Wesenheit-Metallicity relations based on Gaia DR3 parallaxes
• The accretion history of the Milky Way. I. How it shapes globular clusters and dwarf galaxies
• Candidate Members of the VMP/EMP Disk System of the Galaxy from the SkyMapper and SAGES Surveys
• CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOgee Survey III. Spectroscopic Tomography of Tonantzintla 2
• oMEGACat II -- Photometry and proper motions for 1.4 million stars in Omega Centauri and its rotation in the plane of the sky
• NE2001p: A Native Python Implementation of the NE2001 Galactic Electron Density Model
• Precise Empirical Determination of Metallicity Dependence of Near-infrared Period-Luminosity Relations for RR Lyrae Variables
• An elusive dark central mass in the globular cluster M4
• Pulse Profiles and Polarization of Terzan 5 Pulsars
• Exploring the interaction between the MW and LMC with a large sample of blue horizontal branch stars from the DESI survey
• Accelerated binary black holes in globular clusters: forecasts and detectability in the era of space-based gravitational-wave detectors
• A new low-luminosity globular cluster discovered in the Milky Way with the VVVX survey
• Two New Black Widow Millisecond Pulsars In M28
• Search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run
• A Gaia Data Release 3 View on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch Luminosity
• The use of double-mode RR Lyrae stars as robust distance and metallicity indicators
• The HST large programme on NGC 6752 -- IV. The White Dwarf Sequence
• The Extended Tidal Tails of NGC 7089 (M2)
• Isochrone fitting of Galactic globular clusters -- III. NGC\,288, NGC\,362, and NGC\,6218 (M12)
• Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO) II. t-SNE Portrait of Local Fossil Relics and Structures
• High-speed stars. II. An unbound star, young stars, bulge metal-poor stars, and Aurora candidates
• New constraints on the central mass contents of Omega Centauri from combined stellar kinematics and pulsar timing
• Chrono-chemodynamical analysis of the globular cluster NGC 6355: Looking for the fundamental bricks of the Bulge
• Rubin Observatory LSST Stars Milky Way and Local Volume Star Clusters Roadmap
• Discovery of gamma-ray pulsations of PSR J1835$-$3259B in the Globular Cluster NGC 6652
• Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Unveiling the morphology of two Milky Way globular clusters out to their periphery
• Isochrone fitting of Galactic globular clusters -- IV. NGC6362 and NGC6723
• The Kinematics of 30 Milky Way Globular Clusters and the Multiple Stellar Populations within
• Ultra-deep ATCA imaging of 47 Tucanae reveals a central compact radio source
• APOGEE-2 Discovery of a Large Population of Relatively High-Metallicity Globular Cluster Debris
• Models for Metal-Poor Stars with Different Initial Abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. II. Application to the Colour-Magnitude Diagrams of the Globular Clusters 47 Tuc, NGC 6362, M5, M3, M55, and M92
• oMEGACat. VI. Analysis of the overall kinematics of Omega Centauri in 3D: velocity dispersion, kinematic distance, anisotropy, and energy equipartition
• The Dark Matter Halo of M54
• SHOTGLAS II. MUSE spectroscopy of blue horizontal branch stars in the core of $\omega$ Centauri and NGC 6752
• SIEGE IV: compact star clusters in cosmological simulations with high star formation efficiency and sub-parsec resolution
• Isochrone fitting of Galactic globular clusters -- V. NGC6397 and NGC6809 (M55)
• Catalog of outbursts of neutron star LMXBs
• Dynamical evolution of Milky Way globular clusters on the cosmological timescale I. Mass loss and interaction with the nuclear star cluster
• Near-infrared observations of RR Lyrae and Type II Cepheid variables in the metal-rich bulge globular cluster NGC 6441
• Likely detection of gamma-ray pulsations of PSR~J1717+4308A in NGC~6341 and implication of the gamma-ray millisecond pulsars in globular clusters
• A MeerKAT look at the polarization of 47 Tucanae pulsars: magnetic field implications
• Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales. III. Interaction rates
• Zwicky Transient Facility and Globular Clusters: The Period-Luminosity and Period-Wesenheit Relations for Anomalous Cepheids Supplemented with Large Magellanic Cloud Sample
• Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales. II. Interaction with the Galactic centre
• Dynamics in the outskirts of four Milky Way globular clusters: it's the tides that dominate
• On the gamma-ray emission from the core of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• A vindication of the RR Lyrae Fourier light curve decomposition for the calculation of metallicity and distance in globular clusters
• Precise distances from OGLE-IV member RR Lyrae stars in six bulge globular clusters
• A MeerKAT view of the pulsars in the globular cluster NGC 6522
• The Environments of Fast Radio Bursts Viewed Using Adaptive Optics
• Monte Carlo simulations of multiple populations in globular clusters: constraints on the initial size of the second generation from binary stars
• A Census of Above-Horizontal-Branch Stars in Galactic Globular Clusters
• NE2025: An Updated Electron Density Model for the Galactic Interstellar Medium
• Exploring the formation environment of multiple stellar populations in Globular Clusters through binary systems
• New Interstellar Extinction Maps Based on Gaia and Other Sky Surveys
• Timing of Pulsars in the Globular Cluster Omega Centauri
• Peeking beneath the precision floor -- II. Probing the chemo-dynamical histories of the potential globular cluster siblings, NGC 288 and NGC 362
• Galactic Interstellar Scintillation Observed from Four Globular Cluster Pulsars by FAST
• A new pulsar candidate in 47 Tucanae discovered with MeerKAT imaging
• Gravitational wave spectral synthesis
• Upper limits on the dark matter content in globular clusters
• Trojan globular clusters: radial migration via trapping in bar resonances
• Single Millisecond Pulsars from Dynamical Interaction Processes in Dense Star Clusters
• A Photometric in-depth look at the core-collapsed globular cluster NGC 6284
• RR Lyrae stars as probes of the outer Galactic halo: Chemical and kinematic analysis of a pilot sample
• The $Hubble$ Missing Globular Cluster Survey. I. Survey overview and the first precise age estimate for ESO452-11 and 2MASS-GC01
• Measuring distances to galaxies with globular cluster velocity dispersions
• Searching Extra-tidal Features around the Globular Cluster Whiting 1
• The Influence of the Galactic Bar on the Dynamics of Globular Clusters
• A combined study of thermohaline mixing and envelope overshooting with PARSEC: Calibration to NGC 6397 and M4
• The Multiple Extended Tidal Tails of NGC 288
• Models for Metal-Poor Stars with Different Initial Abundances of C, N, O, Mg, and Si. III. Grids of Isochrones for $-2.5\le$ [Fe/H] $\le -0.5$ and Helium Abundances $Y=0.25$ and $0.29$ at Each Metallicity
• A Pristine-UNIONS view on the Galaxy: Kinematics of the distant spur feature of the Sagittarius stream traced by Blue Horizontal Branch stars
• Searching for new observational signatures of the dynamical evolution of star clusters
• Globular Cluster Counts around 700 Nearby Galaxies
• Millisecond Pulsars in Dense Star Clusters: Evolution, Scaling Relations, and the Galactic-Center Gamma-ray Excess
• Tidal disruption of stellar clusters and their remnants' spatial distribution near the galactic center
• New stellar age estimates using SPInS based on Gaia DR3 photometry and LAMOST DR8 abundances
• APOGEE-2S Mg-Al anti-correlation of the Metal-Poor Globular Cluster NGC 2298
• Validating Stellar Abundance Measurements from Multi-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Gaps in stellar streams as a result of globular cluster fly-bys
• Timing of millisecond pulsars in NGC\,6752 -- III. On the presence of non-luminous matter in the cluster's core
• The dual nature of the tidal tails of NGC 5904 (M5)
• Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour-magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal) -- III. Age and metallicity distribution of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus stars near the Sun
• Zwicky Transient Facility and Globular Clusters: The Period-Luminosity and Period-Wesenheit Relations for SX Phoenicis Variables in the gri-Band
• Globular Cluster UVIT legacy Survey (GlobUleS) III. Omega Centauri in Far-Ultraviolet
• CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOGEE Survey VI. Characterizing multiple stellar populations and chemical abundances in the bulge globular cluster NGC 6569
• To Grow Old and Peculiar: A Survey of Anomalous Variable Stars in M80 and Age Determination using K2 and Gaia
• Beryllium abundances in turn-off stars of globular clusters with the CUBES spectrograph
• Investigating Phosphorus Abundances in a Sample of APOGEE-2 Bulge Globular Clusters
• Nearby stellar substructures in the Galactic halo from DESI Milky Way Survey Year 1 Data Release
• The emergence of globular clusters and globular-cluster-like dwarfs
• The bulge globular cluster Terzan 6 as seen from multi-conjugate adaptive optics and HST
• Evolution of the disky second generation of stars in globular clusters on cosmological timescale
• Globular clusters in \textsc{OrbIT}: complete dynamical characterisation of the globular cluster population of the Milky Way through updated orbital reconstruction
• The internal kinematics of NGC 2808 and its multiple populations
• A 3D view of dwarf galaxies with Gaia and VLT/FLAMES II. The Sextans dwarf spheroidal
• A candidate magnetic helium core white dwarf in the globular cluster NGC 6397
• Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales. IV. Guests in the outer Solar System
• Stellar evolution and axion-like particles: new constraints and hints from globular clusters in the GAIA DR3 data
• Direct N-body simulations of NGC 6397 and its tidal tails
• Made-to-Measure Modelling of Globular Clusters
• Investigating Dynamical Properties of Globular Clusters through a Family of Lowered Isothermal Models
• Revisited parameters for the twin bulge globular clusters NGC 6528 and NGC 6553
• Stellar populations of the globular cluster NGC 5053 investigated using AstroSat-Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope
• Probing populations of dark stellar remnants in the globular clusters 47 Tuc and Terzan 5 using pulsar timing
• Revisiting the near infrared Calcium triplet as metallicity indicator
• A joint 1% calibration of the RR Lyrae & type-II Cepheid Leavitt laws yields homogeneous distances to 93 Galactic globular clusters
• Study of UV bright sources in globular cluster NGC 4590 using Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) observations
• The VMC Survey -- LIV. Anomalous Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds Period-Luminosity relations in the near-infrared bands
• Evaluating the gravitational wave detectability of globular clusters and the Magellanic Clouds for LISA
• Searching for new Hypervelocity Stars with Gaia DR3 and VLT/FORS2 Spectroscopy
• Variable stars in the VVV globular clusters. II. NGC6441, NGC6569, NGC6626 (M28), NGC6656 (M22), 2MASS-GC02, and Terzan10
• Identification and characterization of optical companions to the population of millisecond pulsars in the globular cluster M3
• A possible GeV-TeV connection in the direction of the Globular Cluster UKS 1
• Impact of Simultaneous Stellar Modeling Uncertainties on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch for Axion-Election Coupling
• NICER observations of type-I X-ray bursts from the ultra-compact X-ray binary M15 X-2
• The multi-age stellar populations of Terzan 5 as revealed by JWST
• Physical Parameters of Stars in NGC 6397 Using ANN-Based Interpolation and Full Spectrum Fitting
• Zwicky Transient Facility and Globular Clusters: the gr-Band Period-Luminosity Relations for Mira Variables at Maximum Light and Their Applications to Local Galaxies
• Digging deeper into the dense Galactic globular cluster Terzan 5 with Electron-Multiplying CCDs. Variable star detection and new discoveries
• Multiple Populations in Low-mass Globular Clusters: Eridanus
• Testing QUMOND theory with Galactic globular clusters in a weak external field
• Matching seismic masses for RR Lyrae-type and oscillating red horizontal-branch stars in M4
• The variable stars in the field of NGC 6139: A critical approach to their reddening and membership
• Discovery of a hot post-AGB star in Galactic globular cluster E3
• Gravitational influence of the globular cluster NGC 7078 (M 15) flyby of the Oort cloud system
• DELVE-ing into the Milky Way's Globular Clusters: Assessing extra-tidal features in NGC 5897, NGC 7492, and testing detectability with deeper photometry
• New theoretical predictions on Type II Cepheids: towards a self consistent Pop. II distance scale
• Zwicky Transient Facility and Globular Clusters: Calibration of the gr-Band Absolute Magnitudes for the Yellow Post-Asymptotic-Giant-Branch Stars
• New Way to Date Globular Clusters: Brown Dwarf Cooling Sequences
• Globular clusters of the Gaia Enceladus/Sausage -- I. Orbital and dynamical evolution on cosmological timescales
• Resolving white dwarf binaries within globular clusters with LISA
• A Main Sequence CH-star in the globular cluster M55 (NGC 6809)
• Detectability of continuous gravitational waves from planetary-mass companions orbiting compact stars
• The ESO-VLT MIKiS survey reloaded: velocity dispersion profile and rotation curve of NGC 1904
• Zwicky Transient Facility and Globular Clusters: The RR Lyrae gri-Band Period-Luminosity-Metallicity and Period-Wesenheit-Metallicity Relations
• Epicyclic Density Variations in the Indus Stellar Stream
• Yellow Post-Asymptotic-Giant-Branch Stars as Standard Candles. I. Calibration of the Luminosity Function in Galactic Globular Clusters
• Probing the Milky Way Halo with RR Lyrae Stars from Gaia Data Release 3
• A search for stellar structures around nine outer halo globular clusters in the Milky Way
• Calibrating the Tip of the Red Giant Branch and measuring Magellanic Cloud distances to 2% exclusively with Gaia
• Constraining Black Hole Natal Kicks with Astrometric Microlensing
• Old Galactic novae in the eROSITA All Sky Survey
• The Impact of Axion-Like Particles on Late Stellar Evolution From Intermediate-Mass Stars to core-collapse Supernova Progenitors
• Photo-chemo-dynamical analysis and the origin of the bulge globular cluster Palomar 6
• Optical and near-infrared pulsation properties of RR Lyrae and Population II Cepheid variables in the Messier 15 globular cluster
• Standalone Validation of a Pulsar Evolution Subroutine for NBODY6++GPU: Seven Test Scenarios
• JWST observations of 47 Tucanae: I. The low-mass main sequence down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• A high-Galactic-altitude scattering screen: scintillation from Globular Cluster pulsar M53A
• A Massive and Eccentric Binary Millisecond Pulsar in the Globular Cluster M10
• On the nature of the 2.4 hr-period eclipsing cataclysmic variable W2 in 47 Tuc