The Third Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars

Abstract

We present 294 pulsars found in GeV data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Another 33 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) discovered in deep radio searches of LAT sources will likely reveal pulsations once phase-connected rotation ephemerides are achieved. A further dozen optical and/or X-ray binary systems co-located with LAT sources also likely harbor gamma-ray MSPs. This catalog thus reports roughly 340 gamma-ray pulsars and candidates, 10% of all known pulsars, compared to $\le 11$ known before Fermi. Half of the gamma-ray pulsars are young. Of these, the half that are undetected in radio have a broader Galactic latitude distribution than the young radio-loud pulsars. The others are MSPs, with 6 undetected in radio. Overall, >235 are bright enough above 50 MeV to fit the pulse profile, the energy spectrum, or both. For the common two-peaked profiles, the gamma-ray peak closest to the magnetic pole crossing generally has a softer spectrum. The spectral energy distributions tend to narrow as the spindown power $\dot{E}$ decreases to its observed minimum near $10^{33}$ erg s${}^{-1}$, approaching the shape for synchrotron radiation from monoenergetic electrons. We calculate gamma-ray luminosities when distances are available. Our all-sky gamma-ray sensitivity map is useful for population syntheses. The electronic catalog version provides gamma-ray pulsar ephemerides, properties and fit results to guide and be compared with modeling results.

142 pages. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Supplement

References in corpus (127)

• Array Programming with NumPy
• TEMPO2, a new pulsar timing package. I: Overview
• A New Electron Density Model for Estimation of Pulsar and FRB Distances
• The mass distribution and gravitational potential of the Milky Way
• Trigonometric Parallaxes of Massive Star Forming Regions: VI. Galactic Structure, Fundamental Parameters and Non-Circular Motions
• Refined Mass and Geometric Measurements of the High-Mass PSR J0740+6620
• Incremental Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
• The Parkes multibeam pulsar survey: VI. Discovery and timing of 142 pulsars and a Galactic population analysis
• Gaia EDR3 view on Galactic globular clusters
• Accurate distances to Galactic globular clusters through a combination of Gaia EDR3, HST and literature data
• Detection of 16 Gamma-Ray Pulsars Through Blind Frequency Searches Using the Fermi LAT
• Strong-field Gravity Tests with the Double Pulsar
• Magnetar-like Emission from the Young Pulsar in Kes 75
• Precise Gamma-Ray Timing and Radio Observations of 17 Fermi Gamma-Ray Pulsars
• On Pulsar Distance Measurements and their Uncertainties
• The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey: I. Project design and pulsar discoveries
• Peta-electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula
• Discovery of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the Binary System PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 Around Periastron with Fermi
• PINT: A Modern Software Package for Pulsar Timing
• Three Millisecond Pulsars in FERMI LAT Unassociated Bright Sources
• Discovery of PSR J1227-4853: A transition from a low-mass X-ray binary to a redback millisecond pulsar
• A Study of Multi-frequency Polarization Pulse Profiles of Millisecond Pulsars
• Profile and polarization characteristics of energetic pulsars
• Polarimetry of 600 pulsars from observations at 1.4 GHz with the Parkes radio telescope
• Pulsar braking and the P-Pdot diagram
• Optical spectroscopy and demographics of redback millisecond pulsar binaries
• Binary Millisecond Pulsar Discovery via Gamma-Ray Pulsations
• The LOFAR Tied-Array All-Sky Survey (LOTAAS): Survey overview and initial pulsar discoveries
• Pulsar Timing for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
• The All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory eXplorer (AMEGO-X) Mission Concept
• The soft gamma-ray pulsar population: an high-energy overview
• LOFAR discovery of the fastest-spinning millisecond pulsar in the Galactic field
• The Einstein@Home Gamma-ray Pulsar Survey. I. Search Methods, Sensitivity and Discovery of New Young Gamma-ray Pulsars
• Gamma ray astrophysics: the EGRET results
• The Parkes pulsar timing array second data release: Timing analysis
• The MeerTime Pulsar Timing Array -- A Census of Emission Properties and Timing Potential
• The UTMOST pulsar timing programme II: Timing noise across the pulsar population
• Discovery of a Gamma-ray Black Widow Pulsar by GPU-accelerated Einstein@Home
• Fermi Large Area Telescope Performance After 10 Years Of Operation
• Dissipation of the striped pulsar wind and non-thermal particle acceleration: 3D PIC simulations
• Six millisecond pulsars detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope and the radio/gamma-ray connection of millisecond pulsars
• Gamma-ray Timing of Redback PSR J2339-0533: Hints for Gravitational Quadrupole Moment Changes
• Gamma-ray Astrophysics in the MeV Range: the ASTROGAM Concept and Beyond
• 21-year timing of the black-widow pulsar J2051-0827
• Pulsed Gamma-rays from PSR J2021+3651 with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Radio Detection of the Fermi LAT Blind Search Millisecond Pulsar J1311-3430
• A Gamma-ray Pulsar Timing Array Constrains the Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Background
• PSR J1838-0537: Discovery of a young, energetic gamma-ray pulsar
• A new gamma-ray loud, eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary
• 1FGL J1417.7-4407: A likely gamma-ray bright binary with a massive neutron star and a giant secondary
• Discovery of Gamma-ray Pulsations from the Transitional Redback PSR J1227-4853
• Discovery of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Pulsations from PSR J2021+3651 with AGILE
• Millisecond Pulsars from Accretion Induced Collapse as the Origin of the Galactic Centre Gamma-ray Excess Signal
• The Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT IV: Polarisation properties of young, energetic pulsars
• Cosmic-ray positrons from millisecond pulsars
• An image-based search for pulsars among Fermi unassociated LAT sources
• X-ray Through Very-High-Energy Intrabinary Shock Emission from Black Widows and Redbacks
• Radio-quiet and radio-loud pulsars: similar in Gamma-rays but different in X-rays
• On the difference between gamma-ray-detected and non-gamma-ray-detected pulsars
• FAST discovery of an extremely radio-faint millisecond pulsar from the Fermi-LAT unassociated source 3FGL J0318.1+0252
• 1FGL J0523.5-2529: A New Probable Gamma-ray Pulsar Binary
• Filling the Magnetospheres of Weak Pulsars
• 2FGL J1653.6-0159: A New Low in Evaporating Pulsar Binary Periods
• The TRAPUM L-band survey for pulsars in Fermi-LAT gamma-ray sources
• A New Flaring Black Widow Candidate and Demographics of Black Widow Millisecond Pulsars in the Galactic Field
• A high frequency search for radio pulsars in EGRET error boxes
• Neutron star mass estimates from gamma-ray eclipses in spider millisecond pulsar binaries
• Extending the Event-weighted Pulsation Search to Very Faint Gamma-ray Sources
• An investigation on the factors affecting machine learning classifications in $\gamma$-ray astronomy
• The Thousand-Pulsar-Array programme on MeerKAT -- V. Scattering analysis of single-component pulsars
• A New, Low Braking Index For the LMC Pulsar B0540-69
• No detectable radio emission from the magnetar-like pulsar in Kes 75
• The Braking Index of a Radio-quiet Gamma-ray Pulsar
• The Galactic population and properties of young, highly-energetic pulsars
• Discovery of a Spin-Down State Change in the LMC Pulsar B0540-69
• Measuring the mass of the black widow PSR J1555-2908
• Very-High-Energy Emission From Pulsars
• Discovery of a Redback Millisecond Pulsar Candidate: 3FGL J0212.1+5320
• A Likely Redback Millisecond Pulsar Counterpart of 3FGL J0838.8-2829
• The Fermi LAT detection of magnetar-like pulsar PSR J1846-0258 at high-energy gamma-rays
• Optimized Blind Gamma-ray Pulsar Searches at Fixed Computing Budget
• Timing of Eight Binary Millisecond Pulsars Found with Arecibo in Fermi-LAT Unidentified Sources
• Classification of New X-ray Counterparts for Fermi Unassociated Gamma Ray Sources Using the Swift X-Ray Telescope
• Searches for Shapiro delay in seven binary pulsars using the MeerKAT telescope
• Identification of the Optical Counterpart of Fermi Black Widow Millisecond Pulsar PSR J1544+4937
• Discovery of an ultracompact gamma-ray millisecond pulsar binary candidate
• A millisecond pulsar candidate in a 21-hr orbit: 3FGL J0212.1+5320
• Orbital Dynamics of Candidate Transitional Millisecond Pulsar 3FGL J1544.6-1125: An unusually face-on system
• Pulsar gamma-ray emission in the radiation reaction regime
• A New Candidate Transitional Millisecond Pulsar in the Sub-luminous Disk State: 4FGL J0407.7--5702
• Arecibo and FAST Timing Follow-up of twelve Millisecond Pulsars Discovered in Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey
• Six Faint Gamma-ray Pulsars Seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope -- Towards a Sample Blending into the Background
• 2FGL J0846.0+2820: A new neutron star binary with a giant secondary and variable $\gamma$-ray emission
• Upgraded GMRT survey for pulsars in globular clusters. I: Discovery of a millisecond binary pulsar in NGC 6652
• Discovery of a New Redback Millisecond Pulsar Candidate: 4FGL J0940.3-7610
• A millisecond pulsar discovery in a survey of unidentified Fermi $\gamma$-ray sources with LOFAR
• Study of 72 pulsars discovered in the PALFA survey: Timing analysis, glitch activity, emission variability, and a pulsar in an eccentric binary
• Classification of Fermi-LAT sources with deep learning using energy and time spectra
• Multi-scale time- and frequency-domain likelihood analysis with photon weights
• The Tail of PSR J0002+6216 and the Supernova Remnant CTB 1
• Timing six energetic rotation-powered X-ray pulsars, including the fast-spinning young PSR J0058-7218 and Big Glitcher PSR J0537-6910
• Spectral characterization of the non-thermal X-ray emission of gamma-ray pulsars
• Discovery and timing of three millisecond pulsars in radio and gamma-rays with the GMRT and Fermi-LAT
• Investigating $\gamma$-ray halos around three HAWC bright sources in Fermi-LAT data
• X-ray Spectra and Multiwavelength Machine Learning Classification for Likely Counterparts to Fermi 3FGL Unassociated Sources
• A multi-wavelength study of nearby millisecond pulsar PSR J1400$-$1431: improved astrometry & an optical detection of its cool white dwarf companion
• Radio Counterpart Candidates to 4FGL-DR2 Unassociated Sources
• Discovery, Timing, and Multiwavelength Observations of the Black Widow Millisecond Pulsar PSR J1555-2908
• Utilizing cosmic-ray positron and electron observations to probe the averaged properties of Milky Way pulsars
• Probing the High-energy $\gamma$-ray Emission Mechanism in the Vela Pulsar via Phase-resolved Spectral and Energy-dependent Light Curve Modeling
• Multi-Wavelength Observations Of A New Redback Millisecond Pulsar 4FGL J1910.7-5320
• Gamma-ray Eclipses and Orbital Modulation Transitions in the Candidate Redback 4FGL J1702.7-5655
• Reactivation of the high-magnetic field pulsar PSR J1846--0258 with magnetar-like bursts
• Why the distance of PSR J0218+4232 does not challenge pulsar emission theories
• Multiwavelength evidence for a new flare-mode transitional millisecond pulsar
• Proper motion, spectra, and timing of PSR J1813-1749 using Chandra and NICER
• Irradiated but not eclipsed, the case of PSR J0610-2100
• A supernova remnant association for the fast-moving pulsar PSR J0908-4913
• Discovery of gamma-ray pulsations of PSR J1835$-$3259B in the Globular Cluster NGC 6652
• Tracking the footprints of the radio pulsar B1727$-$47: proper motion, host supernova remnant, and the glitches
• Revealing a New Black Widow Binary 4FGL J0336.0+7502
• Green Bank Telescope Discovery of the Redback Binary Millisecond Pulsar PSR J0212+5321
• 4FGL J1120.0-2204: A Unique Gamma-ray Bright Neutron Star Binary with an Extremely Low Mass Proto-White Dwarf
• Is the black-widow pulsar PSR J1555-2908 in a hierarchical triple system?
• Single Pulse Variability in Gamma-ray Pulsars
• Detection of radio emission from the gamma-ray pulsar J1732-3131 at 327 MHz
• XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the unidentified Fermi-LAT source 3FGL J1016.5-6034: A Young Pulsar with a Nebula?

Cited by in corpus (76)

• Magnetic, thermal and rotational evolution of isolated neutron stars
• A NICER View of PSR J1231$-$1411: A Complex Case
• Gravity experiments with radio pulsars
• The FAST Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey: VI. The discovery of 473 new pulsars
• Neutron stars and the dense matter equation of state: from microscopic theory to macroscopic observations
• Dense Matter in Neutron Stars with eXTP
• Searching for New Physics in Ultradense Environment: a Review on Dark Matter Admixed Neutron Stars
• The Intrabinary Shock and Companion Star of Redback Pulsar J2215+5135
• A pulsar-helium star compact binary system formed by common envelope evolution
• Prospects for a survey of the Galactic plane with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• The FAST Globular Cluster Pulsar Survey (GC FANS)
• Decoding rotating neutron stars: Role of the symmetry energy slope
• Science Using Single-Pulse Exploration with Combined Telescopes. I. The mode switching, flaring, and single-pulse morphology of PSR B1822-09
• Synthetic pulsar lightcurves from global kinetic simulations and comparison with the Fermi-LAT catalog
• Scaling up global kinetic models of pulsar magnetospheres using a hybrid force-free-PIC numerical approach
• On the Contribution of Unresolved Pulsars to the Ultra-high-energy Galactic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission
• A New Determination of the Millisecond Pulsar Gamma-Ray Luminosity Function and Implications for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• A Catalog of Pulsar X-ray Filaments
• Discovery of the variable optical counterpart of the redback pulsar PSR J2055+1545
• The Orbit and Companion of PSR J1622-0315: Variable Asymmetry and a Massive Neutron Star
• A 350-MHz Green Bank Telescope Survey of Unassociated Fermi LAT Sources: Discovery and Timing of Ten Millisecond Pulsars
• A GTC spectroscopic study of three spider pulsar companions: line-based temperatures, a new face-on redback, and improved mass constraints
• eROSITA X-ray Analysis of the PeVatron Candidate Westerlund 1
• High Energy Emission from the Intrabinary Shocks in Redback Pulsars
• A double dipole geometry for PSR~J0740+6620
• A Multiwavelength Machine-learning Approach to Classifying X-ray Sources in the Fields of Unidentified 4FGL-DR4 sources
• The Vela pulsar and its pulsar wind nebula Vela-X using 13 years of Fermi-LAT Observations
• Absence of TeV halos around millisecond pulsars
• Hadronic emission from the environment of the Crab Pulsar Wind Nebula by re-accelerated particles
• Two black widow pulsars in the optical and X-rays
• Radio and gamma-ray timing of TRAPUM L-band Fermi pulsar survey discoveries
• COBIPULSE: A Systematic Search for Compact Binary Millisecond Pulsars
• Extended TeV Halos May Commonly Exist around Middle-Aged Pulsars
• A comprehensive search for Long and Short Periodic Features from an Extremely Active Cycle of FRB 20240114A
• Superconductivity in magnetars: Exploring type-I and type-II states in toroidal magnetic fields
• Chandra X-ray Observatory Observations of 13 Fermi LAT Sources
• Evaluation of the performance of a CdZnTe-based soft $\gamma$-ray detector for CubeSat payloads
• The middle-aged pulsar PSR J1741-2054 and its bow-shock nebula in far ultraviolet
• Prediction of radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsar distances using the Fundamental Plane relation
• Einstein@Home Searches for Gamma-ray Pulsars in the Inner Galaxy
• The anti-glitching gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1522-5735
• Investigating four new candidate redback pulsars discovered in the image plane
• An unidentified Fermi source emitting radio bursts in the Galactic bulge
• Multi-wavelength emission modelling of PSR~J0437$-$4715
• Pulsar Population Synthesis with Magnetorotational Evolution: Constraining the Decay of Magnetic field
• Localisation of the non-thermal X-ray emission of PSR~J2229+6114 from its multi-wavelength pulse profiles
• Millisecond pulsars phenomenology under the light of graph theory
• Characterizing the Gamma-ray Emission Properties of the Globular Cluster M5 with the Fermi-LAT
• Topology of the Superconducting Heart of Neutron Stars: Effects of Microphysics and Gravitational-Wave Signatures
• The spin-orbit alignment hypothesis in millisecond pulsars
• Very high-energy gamma-ray and neutrino emission from hadronic interaction in compact binary millisecond pulsars
• Detection of the Geminga pulsar at energies down to 20 GeV with the LST-1 of CTAO
• The Fermi-LAT Light Curve Repository: A resource for the time-domain and multi-messenger communities
• Studying the black widow pulsars PSR J0312$-$0921 and PSR J1627$+$3219 in the optical and X-rays
• Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters and Implications for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Timing Gamma-ray Pulsars using Gibbs Sampling
• Classification of a New X-ray Catalog of Likely Counterparts to 4FGL-DR4 Unassociated Gamma-ray Sources Using a Neural Network
• Multiwavelength identification of millisecond pulsar candidates in the Galactic bulge
• Search for gamma-ray variability around Fermi-LAT pulsar glitches
• Gamma-ray Pulsar Emission is Mostly Stable on Timescales from Minutes to Years
• A mechanism-independent methodology for modeling γ-ray phaseograms of pulsars in the framework of north-south symmetry
• Exploring the nature of Galactic unassociated sources detected by the Fermi-LAT
• HAWC J0630+186 Could Not Be Powered by PSR J0630+19
• Pulsars identified in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey at 144 MHz
• Search for TeV emission from spider millisecond pulsars with HAWC
• Performance Evaluation of a silicon-based 6U Cubesat detector for soft $\gamma$-ray astronomy
• Identification of radio and gamma-ray pulsars in X-rays using data from the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey
• The Effect of Pulsar Geometry on the Observed Gamma-ray Spectrum of Millisecond Pulsars
• Probing the emission mechanism and nature of the pulsating compact object in the X-ray binary SAX J1324.4-6200
• Gamma-Ray Millisecond Pulsars: Off-pulse Emission Characteristics, Phase-Resolved Pseudo-Luminosity--Cutoff Energy Correlation, and High-energy Pulsed Emission
• Evidence for optical pulsations from a redback millisecond pulsar
• Deeper analysis of Fermi-LAT unassociated 4FGL J2112.5-3043 for possible identification
• A newly born spider system at the core of a radio shell: Evidence for a low-energy supernova
• Multi-wavelength emission in resistive pulsar magnetospheres
• No Measurable Changes in Radio and X-ray Emission Surrounding Glitches in the Young Pulsar PSR J2229+6114
• Fermi-LAT View on Three Ultra-high-energy 1LHAASO Sources in the $52^{\circ }<l<55^{\circ }$ Region