Discovery and timing of ten new millisecond pulsars in the globular cluster Terzan 5

Abstract

We report the discovery of ten new pulsars in the globular cluster Terzan 5 as part of the Transients and Pulsars with MeerKAT (TRAPUM) Large Survey Project. We observed Terzan 5 at L-band (856--1712 MHz) with the MeerKAT radio telescope for four hours on two epochs, and performed acceleration searches of 45 out of 288 tied-array beams covering the core of the cluster. We obtained phase-connected timing solutions for nine discoveries, covering nearly two decades of archival observations from the Green Bank Telescope for all but one. Highlights include PSR J1748$-$2446ao which is an eccentric ($e=0.32$) wide-orbit (orbital period $P_{\mathrm{b}}=57.55$ d) system. We were able to measure the rate of advance of periastron ($\dot{\omega }$) for this system allowing us to determine a total mass of $3.17\pm 0.02{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. With a minimum companion mass ($M_{\mathrm{c}}$) of $\sim 0.8{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, PSR J1748$-$2446ao is a candidate double neutron star (DNS) system. If confirmed to be a DNS, it would be the fastest spinning pulsar ($P=2.27$ ms) and the longest orbital period measured for any known DNS system. PSR J1748$-$2446ap has the second highest eccentricity for any recycled pulsar ($e\sim 0.905$) and for this system we can measure the total mass ($1.997\pm 0.006{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) and also estimate the individual pulsar and companion masses. PSR J1748$-$2446ar is an eclipsing redback (minimum $M_{\mathrm{c}}\sim 0.34{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) system whose properties confirm it to be the counterpart to a previously published source identified in radio and X-ray imaging. With these discoveries, the total number of confirmed pulsars in Terzan 5 is 49, the highest for any globular cluster so far. These discoveries further enhance the rich set of pulsars known in Terzan 5 and provide scope for a deeper understanding of binary stellar evolution, cluster dynamics and ensemble population studies.

23 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, published in A&A

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