Long-term observations of the pulsars in 47 Tucanae - II. Proper motions, accelerations and jerks

Abstract

This paper is the second in a series where we report the results of the long-term timing of the millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in 47 Tucanae with the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. We obtain improved timing parameters that provide additional information for studies of the cluster dynamics: a) the pulsar proper motions yield an estimate of the proper motion of the cluster as a whole (${\mu }_{\alpha }=5.00\pm 0.14\mathrm{mas}\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$, ${\mu }_{\delta }=-2.84\pm 0.12\mathrm{mas}\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$) and the motion of the pulsars relative to each other. b) We measure the second spin-period derivatives caused by the change of the pulsar line-of-sight accelerations; 47 Tuc H, U and possibly J are being affected by nearby objects. c) For ten binary systems we now measure changes in the orbital period caused by their acceleration in the gravitational field of the cluster. From all these measurements, we derive a cluster distance no smaller than $\sim$4.69 kpc and show that the characteristics of these MSPs are very similar to their counterparts in the Galactic disk. We find no evidence in favour of an intermediate mass black hole at the centre of the cluster. Finally, we describe the orbital behaviour of the four "black widow" systems. Two of them, 47 Tuc J and O, exhibit orbital variability similar to that observed in other such systems, while for 47 Tuc I and R the orbits seem to be remarkably stable. It appears, therefore, that not all "black widows" have unpredictable orbital behaviour.

21 pages in journal format, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS, several clarifications made and typos fixed

References in corpus (14)

• The ATNF Pulsar Catalogue
• PSRCHIVE and PSRFITS An Open Approach to Radio Pulsar Data Storage and Analysis
• An intermediate-mass black hole in the centre of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• HST Proper Motions and Stellar Dynamics in the Core of the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae
• Measurement of Orbital Decay in the Double Neutron Star Binary PSR B2127+11C
• Hubble Space Telescope proper motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular clusters. II. Kinematic profiles and maps
• Chandra X-Ray Observations of Nineteen Millisecond Pulsars in the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae
• A 1.4-GHz Arecibo Survey for Pulsars in Globular Clusters
• Using long-term millisecond pulsar timing to obtain physical characteristics of the bulge globular cluster Terzan 5
• Long-term observations of the pulsars in 47 Tucanae. I. A study of four elusive binary systems
• 21-year timing of the black-widow pulsar J2051-0827
• The age of 47Tuc from self-consistent isochrone fits to colour-magnitude diagrams and the eclipsing member V69
• Six New Recycled Globular Cluster Pulsars Discovered with the Green Bank Telescope
• Timing of millisecond pulsars in NGC 6752 - II. Proper motions of the pulsars in the cluster outskirts

Cited by in corpus (102)

• Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• The Astrophysics of Nanohertz Gravitational Waves
• Evidence for a maximum mass cut-off in the neutron star mass distribution and constraints on the equation of state
• A Multi-Mass Velocity Dispersion Model of 47 Tucanae Indicates No Evidence for an Intermediate Mass Black Hole
• Searches for Continuous-Wave Gravitational Radiation
• The MAVERIC Survey: Still No Evidence for Accreting Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters
• The SUrvey for Pulsars and Extragalactic Radio Bursts I: Survey Description and Overview
• All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars using Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo O3 data
• Using long-term millisecond pulsar timing to obtain physical characteristics of the bulge globular cluster Terzan 5
• A pulsar in a binary with a compact object in the mass gap between neutron stars and black holes
• Eight new millisecond pulsars from the first MeerKAT globular cluster census
• Millisecond Pulsars and Black Holes in Globular Clusters
• Evidence for a minimum ellipticity in millisecond pulsars
• Maximum gravitational mass $M_{\mathrm{TOV}}=2.25_{-0.07}^{+0.08}{M}_{\odot }$ inferred at about $3\%$ precision with multimessenger data of neutron stars
• An algorithm for determining the rotation count of pulsars
• Upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope timing of NGC 1851A: a possible millisecond pulsar-neutron star system
• The astrophysical science case for a decihertz gravitational-wave detector
• Dark photon superradiance: Electrodynamics and multimessenger signals
• Maximum mass cutoff in the neutron star mass distribution and the prospect of forming supramassive objects in the double neutron star mergers
• Internal gas models and central black hole in 47 Tucanae using millisecond pulsars
• Chandra studies of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae: A deeper X-ray source catalogue, five new X-ray counterparts to millisecond radio pulsars, and new constraints to r-mode instability window
• On the black hole content and initial mass function of 47 Tuc
• A Deep X-ray Survey of the Globular Cluster Omega Centauri
• The MAVERIC Survey: Chandra/ACIS Catalog of Faint X-ray sources in 38 Galactic globular clusters
• TRAPUM discovery of thirteen new pulsars in NGC 1851 using MeerKAT
• Discovery and timing of pulsars in the globular cluster M13 with FAST
• Discovery and timing of ten new millisecond pulsars in the globular cluster Terzan 5
• An extremely low-mass He white dwarf orbiting the millisecond pulsar J1342+2822B in the globular cluster M3
• A Census of X-ray Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters
• PSR J1641+3627F: a low-mass He white dwarf orbiting a possible high-mass neutron star in the globular cluster M13
• Compact Object Modeling in the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae
• Mass modelling globular clusters in the Gaia era: a method comparison using mock data from an $N$-body simulation of M4
• Discovery of Millisecond Pulsars in the Globular Cluster Omega Centauri
• Understanding the $\gamma$-ray emission from the globular cluster 47 Tuc: evidence for dark matter?
• A Dense Companion to the Short-Period Millisecond Pulsar Binary PSR J0636+5128
• Upgraded GMRT survey for pulsars in globular clusters. I: Discovery of a millisecond binary pulsar in NGC 6652
• MeerKAT discovery of 13 new pulsars in Omega Centauri
• Limits on Runaway Growth of Intermediate Mass Black Holes from Advanced LIGO
• High precision pulsar timing and spin frequency second derivatives
• Constraints from globular cluster pulsars on the magnetic field in the Galactic halo
• The ultracool helium-atmosphere white dwarf companion of PSR J0740+6620?
• Timing analysis of the 2022 outburst of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4$-$3658: hints of an orbital shrinking
• Missing for 20 years: MeerKAT re-detects the elusive binary pulsar M30B
• Two New Black Widow Millisecond Pulsars In M28
• Discovery and Timing of Millisecond Pulsars in the Globular Cluster M5 (NGC 5904) with FAST and Arecibo
• Timing stability of black widow pulsars
• Intermediate mass black holes in globular clusters: effects on jerks and jounces of millisecond pulsars
• Mass Distribution and Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars: Effects of Orbital Inclination Angle
• New constraints on the central mass contents of Omega Centauri from combined stellar kinematics and pulsar timing
• Pulsar timing and its applications
• Ultra-deep ATCA imaging of 47 Tucanae reveals a central compact radio source
• The FAST Globular Cluster Pulsar Survey (GC FANS)
• Correlated timing noise and high precision pulsar timing: Measuring frequency second derivatives as an example
• The MAVERIC survey: A catalogue of radio sources in southern globular clusters from the Australia Telescope Compact Array
• Likely detection of gamma-ray pulsations of PSR~J1717+4308A in NGC~6341 and implication of the gamma-ray millisecond pulsars in globular clusters
• A young white dwarf orbiting PSR J1835-3259B in the bulge globular cluster NGC 6652
• Dynamical effects in the observed rate of change of the orbital and the spin periods of radio pulsars: Improvement in the method of estimation and its implications
• Comment on "Understanding the $\gamma$-ray emission from the globular cluster 47 Tuc: evidence for dark matter?"
• Identifications of Faint Chandra Sources in the Globular Cluster M3
• The VMC survey XXVIII. Improved measurements of the proper motion of the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• A comparison of millisecond pulsar populations between globular clusters and the Galactic field
• A MeerKAT look at the polarization of 47 Tucanae pulsars: magnetic field implications
• Tests of conservation laws in post-Newtonian gravity with binary pulsars
• Towards Realistic Modeling of the Astrometric Capabilities of MCAO Systems: Detecting an Intermediate Mass Black Hole with MAVIS
• Timing of Pulsars in the Globular Cluster Omega Centauri
• Decade Long Timing Study of the Black Widow Millisecond Pulsar J1544+4937
• The dynamics of Galactic centre pulsars: constraining pulsar distances and intrinsic spin-down
• Identifying the brightest Galactic globular clusters for future observations by H.E.S.S. and CTA
• A new pulsar candidate in 47 Tucanae discovered with MeerKAT imaging
• Outliers: multicolour photometry guiding the search for evolved binary systems in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• On the vanishing orbital X-ray variability of the eclipsing binary millisecond pulsar 47 Tuc W
• Upper limits on the dark matter content in globular clusters
• Single Millisecond Pulsars from Dynamical Interaction Processes in Dense Star Clusters
• Probing the pulsar population of Terzan 5 via spectral modeling
• Relativistic scattering of a fast spinning neutron star by a massive black hole
• Wide Bandwidth Observations of Pulsars C, D and J in 47 Tucanae
• Radio timing in a millisecond pulsar-extreme/intermediate mass ratio binary system
• Wideband Monitoring Observations of PSR J1803-3002A in the Globular Cluster NGC 6522
• Revisiting Pulsar Velocities Using Gaia Data Release 2
• Observational evidence for a spin-up line in the P-Pdot diagram of millisecond pulsars
• PSR J1922+37: a 1.9-second pulsar discovered in the direction of the old open cluster NGC 6791
• A Search for Annihilating Dark Matter in 47 Tucanae and Omega Centauri
• NGC 1851A: Revealing an ongoing three-body encounter in a dense globular cluster
• Mining the time axis with TRON. I. Millisecond pulsars in Omega Centauri, Terzan 5 and 47 Tucanae detected through MeerKAT interferometric imaging
• Probing Dark Contents in Globular Clusters With Timing Effects of Pulsar Acceleration
• A follow-up on intermediate-mass black hole candidates in the second LIGO-Virgo observing run with the Bayes Coherence Ratio
• Reply to a comment on `Understanding the gamma-ray emission from the globular cluster 47 Tuc: evidence for dark matter?'
• Fastest spinning millisecond pulsars: indicators for quark matter in neutron stars?
• The FAST Discovery of a Millisecond Pulsar M15O (PSR J2129+1210O) Hidden in the Harmonics of M15A (PSR J2129+1210A)
• Probing populations of dark stellar remnants in the globular clusters 47 Tuc and Terzan 5 using pulsar timing
• Long-term observations of pulsars in the globular clusters 47 Tucanae and M15
• Millisecond pulsars phenomenology under the light of graph theory
• Rapidly Spinning Massive Pulsars as an Indicator of Quark Deconfinement
• Characterizing the Gamma-ray Emission Properties of the Globular Cluster M5 with the Fermi-LAT
• Possible tidal dissipation in millisecond pulsar binaries
• Reconstruction of spider system's observables from orbital period modulations via the Applegate mechanism
• A study of dynamical effects in the observed second time-derivative of the spin or orbital frequencies of pulsars
• Illuminating Hidden Pulsars: Scintillation-Enhanced Discovery of Two Binary Millisecond Pulsars in M13 with FAST
• PSR J0024$-$7204ai: a massive, eccentric binary system in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• Advantages of Including Globular Cluster Millisecond Pulsars in Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Discovery and Timing of the First Millisecond Pulsar in NGC 6316