APOGEE-2 Discovery of a Large Population of Relatively High-Metallicity Globular Cluster Debris

Abstract

We report the discovery of a new, chemically distinct population of relatively high-metallicity ([Fe/H] $>-0.7$) red giant stars with super-solar [N/Fe] ($\gtrsim +0.75$) identified within the bulge, disk, and halo of the Milky Way. This sample of stars was observed during the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2); the spectra of these stars are part of the seventeenth Data Release (DR 17) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We hypothesize that this newly identified population was formed in a variety of progenitors, and are likely made up of either fully or partially destroyed metal-rich globular clusters, which we refer to as Globular Cluster Debris (GCD), identified by their unusual photospheric nitrogen abundances. It is likely that some of the GCD stars were probable members of the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage accretion event, along with clusters formed in situ.

arXiv comment9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters

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• Orbits of globular clusters computed with dynamical friction in the Galactic anisotropic velocity dispersion field
• Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO) II. t-SNE Portrait of Local Fossil Relics and Structures
• Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia colour-magnitude diagram fitting (ChronoGal) II. Unveiling the formation and evolution of the kinematically selected Thick and Thin Discs
• Determination of Sodium Abundance Ratio from Low-Resolution Stellar Spectra and Its Applications