Search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Abstract

Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) emission from neutron stars carries information about their internal structure and equation of state, and it can provide tests of General Relativity. We present a search for CWs from a set of 45 known pulsars in the first part of the fourth LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA observing run, known as O4a. We conducted a targeted search for each pulsar using three independent analysis methods considering the single-harmonic and the dual-harmonic emission models. We find no evidence of a CW signal in O4a data for both models and set upper limits on the signal amplitude and on the ellipticity, which quantifies the asymmetry in the neutron star mass distribution. For the single-harmonic emission model, 29 targets have the upper limit on the amplitude below the theoretical spin-down limit. The lowest upper limit on the amplitude is $6.4\times 10^{-27}$ for the young energetic pulsar J0537-6910, while the lowest constraint on the ellipticity is $8.8\times 10^{-9}$ for the bright nearby millisecond pulsar J0437-4715. Additionally, for a subset of 16 targets we performed a narrowband search that is more robust regarding the emission model, with no evidence of a signal. We also found no evidence of non-standard polarizations as predicted by the Brans-Dicke theory.

main paper: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables

References in corpus (106)

• The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Mission
• GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
• dynesty: A Dynamic Nested Sampling Package for Estimating Bayesian Posteriors and Evidences
• GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
• TEMPO2, a new pulsar timing package. I: Overview
• Bilby: A user-friendly Bayesian inference library for gravitational-wave astronomy
• A New Electron Density Model for Estimation of Pulsar and FRB Distances
• PSRCHIVE and PSRFITS An Open Approach to Radio Pulsar Data Storage and Analysis
• Tests of General Relativity with the Binary Black Hole Signals from the LIGO-Virgo Catalog GWTC-1
• An Overview of the Performance and Scientific Results from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO)
• Observation of gravitational waves from two neutron star-black hole coalescences
• A new class of unstable modes of rotating relativistic stars
• Data analysis of gravitational-wave signals from spinning neutron stars. I. The signal and its detection
• Tempo2, a new pulsar timing package. II: The timing model and precision estimates
• Gravitational Radiation and Rotation of Accreting Neutron Stars
• A study of 315 glitches in the rotation of 102 pulsars
• Axial instability of rotating relativistic stars
• Deformations of Accreting Neutron Star Crusts and Gravitational Wave Emission
• Gravitational Waves from Neutron Stars with Large Toroidal B-fields
• Accurate distances to Galactic globular clusters through a combination of Gaia EDR3, HST and literature data
• Precision timing of PSR J0437-4715: an accurate pulsar distance, a high pulsar mass and a limit on the variation of Newton's gravitational constant
• Modelling magnetically deformed neutron stars
• Fitting Pulsar Wind Tori
• Maximum elastic deformations of compact stars with exotic equations of state
• On Pulsar Distance Measurements and their Uncertainties
• Maximum elastic deformations of relativistic stars
• Detection of 107 glitches in 36 southern pulsars
• Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a $2.5\text{-}4.5M_{\odot }$ Compact Object and a Neutron Star
• First search for gravitational waves from known pulsars with Advanced LIGO
• PINT: A Modern Software Package for Pulsar Timing
• Gravitational waves from known pulsars: results from the initial detector era
• Beating the spin-down limit on gravitational wave emission from the Vela pulsar
• The population of TeV pulsar wind nebulae in the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey
• Twisted-torus configurations with large toroidal magnetic fields in relativistic stars
• Gravitational Radiation from an Accreting Millisecond Pulsar with a Magnetically Confined Mountain
• The effect of metallicity on the Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation from a Baade-Wesselink analysis of Cepheids in the Galaxy and in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Searches for Continuous-Wave Gravitational Radiation
• PSR J1756$-$2251: a pulsar with a low-mass neutron star companion
• Fitting Pulsar Wind Tori. II. Error Analysis and Applications
• Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in 2015-2017 LIGO Data
• Bayesian estimation of pulsar parameters from gravitational wave data
• TEMPO2, a new pulsar timing package. III: Gravitational wave simulation
• Advanced LIGO detector performance in the fourth observing run
• Gravitational-wave constraints on the equatorial ellipticity of millisecond pulsars
• Probing Dynamical Gravity with the Polarization of Continuous Gravitational Waves
• Reconstructing the calibrated strain signal in the Advanced LIGO detectors
• A Micro-glitch in the Millisecond Pulsar B1821-24 in M28
• The Advanced LIGO Photon Calibrators
• Evidence for a minimum ellipticity in millisecond pulsars
• Postprocessing methods used in the search for continuous gravitational-wave signals from the Galactic Center
• Narrow-band search for gravitational waves from known pulsars using the second LIGO observing run
• The CHIME Pulsar Project: System Overview
• A glitch in the millisecond pulsar J0613-0200
• Gravitational wave emission from rotating superfluid neutron stars
• Pulsar science with the Five hundred metre Aperture Spherical Telescope
• Fast and Accurate Sensitivity Estimation for Continuous-Gravitational-Wave Searches
• The Large Magellanic Cloud and the Distance Scale
• Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in the Second and Third LIGO-Virgo Observing Runs
• Searches for continuous gravitational waves from neutron stars: A twenty-year retrospective
• Narrowband searches for continuous and long-duration transient gravitational waves from known pulsars in the LIGO-Virgo third observing run
• Are neutron stars with crystalline colour superconducting cores interesting for the LIGO experiment?
• Prospects for accurate distance measurements of pulsars with the SKA: enabling fundamental physics
• Discovery of a Gamma-ray Black Widow Pulsar by GPU-accelerated Einstein@Home
• R-mode frequencies of slowly rotating relativistic neutron stars with realistic equations of state
• Directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from binary systems: parameter-space metrics and optimal Scorpius X-1 sensitivity
• First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data
• The gamma-ray millisecond pulsar deathline, revisited - New velocity and distance measurements
• A Possible X-ray and Radio Counterpart of the High-Energy Gamma-ray Source 3EG J2227+6122
• PSR J2222--0137. I. Improved physical parameters for the system
• Neutron-star spindown and magnetic inclination-angle evolution
• Diving below the spin-down limit: Constraints on gravitational waves from the energetic young pulsar PSR J0537-6910
• A new data analysis framework for the search of continuous gravitational wave signals
• Discovery of an Energetic Pulsar Associated with SNR G76.9+1.0
• Modelling neutron star mountains in relativity
• Gravitational waves from single neutron stars: an advanced detector era survey
• First search for long-duration transient gravitational waves after glitches in the Vela and Crab pulsars
• A method for narrow-band searches of continuous gravitational wave signals
• Searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars using the $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{G}$ statistics
• Detection and timing of gamma-ray pulsations from the $707$ Hz pulsar J0952$-$0607
• Neutron Star Crust Can Support A Large Ellipticity
• Gravitational waves from color-magnetic `mountains' in neutron stars
• Optical observations of PSR J2021+3651 in the Dragonfly Nebula with the GTC
• Synchro-curvature modelling of the multi-frequency non-thermal emission of pulsars
• New searches for continuous gravitational waves from seven fast pulsars
• Cool white dwarf companions to four millisecond pulsars
• Upgraded antennas for pulsar observations in the Argentine Institute of Radio astronomy
• First searches for gravitational waves from r-modes of the Crab pulsar
• First results and future prospects for dual-harmonic searches for gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars
• An improved algorithm for narrow-band searches of continuous gravitational waves
• NICER study of pulsed thermal X-rays from Calvera: a neutron star born in the Galactic halo?
• Inferring neutron star properties with continuous gravitational waves
• Discovery of the first anti-glitch event in the rotation-powered pulsar PSR B0540-69
• Improving pulsar polarization and timing measurements with the Nançay Radio Telescope
• Novel directed search strategy to detect continuous gravitational waves from neutron stars in low- and high-eccentricity binary systems
• The Radio Parallax of the Crab Pulsar: A First VLBI Measurement Calibrated with Giant Pulses
• Magnetically confined mountains on accreting neutron stars with multipole magnetic fields
• The orbital-decay test of general relativity to the 2% level with 6-year VLBA astrometry of the double neutron star PSR J1537+1155
• Gravitational waves from neutron-star mountains
• Relativistic correction to the r-mode frequency in light of multi-messenger constraints
• The distribution of tilt angles in newly born NSs: role of interior viscosity and magnetic field
• The X-ray Properties of the Energetic Pulsar PSR J1838-0655
• Universal relations to measure neutron star properties from targeted r-mode searches
• Search for gravitational wave signals from known pulsars in LIGO-Virgo O3 data using the 5n-vector ensemble method
• Two sides of the same coin: the F-statistic and the 5-vector method
• A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154
• A growing braking index and spin-down swings for the pulsar PSR B0540-69

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Null geodesics, causal structure, and matter accretion in Lorentzian-Euclidean black holes
• Gravitational wave probes of particle dark matter: a review
• Colloquium: Multimessenger astronomy with continuous gravitational waves and future detectors
• Results from an Einstein@Home search for continuous gravitational waves from Cassiopeia A and Vela Jr. using LIGO O2 data
• Harnessing the potential of PyStoch: detecting continuous gravitational waves from interesting supernova remnant targets
• Braking index of the frequently glitching PSR J0537$-$6910
• Constraints on gravitational waves from the 2024 Vela pulsar glitch
• Narrowband searches for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in the first two parts of the fourth LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA observing run