Characterization of Low Surface Brightness structures in annotated deep images
arXiv:2203.03973 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142675
Abstract
The characterization of Low Surface Brightness (LSB) stellar structures around galaxies such as tidal debris of on-going or past collisions is essential to constrain models of galactic evolution. Our goal is to obtain quantitative measurements of LSB structures identified in deep images of samples consisting of hundreds of galaxies. We developed an online annotation tool that enables contributors to delineate the shapes of diffuse extended stellar structures, as well as artefacts or foreground structures. All parameters are automatically stored in a database which may be queried to retrieve quantitative measurements. We annotated LSB structures around 352 nearby massive galaxies with deep images obtained with the CFHT as part of two large programs: MATLAS and UNIONS/CFIS. Each LSB structure was delineated and labeled according to its likely nature: stellar shells, streams associated to a disrupted satellite, tails formed in major mergers, ghost reflections or cirrus. From our database containing 8441 annotations, the area, size, median surface brightness and distance to the host of 228 structures were computed. The results confirm the fact that tidal structures defined as streams are thinner than tails, as expected by numerical simulations. In addition, tidal tails appear to exhibit a higher surface brightness than streams (by about 1 mag), which may be related to different survival times for the two types of collisional debris. We did not detect any tidal feature fainter than 27.5 mag.arcsec, while the nominal surface brightness limits of our surveys range between 28.3 and 29 mag.arcsec, a difference that needs to be taken into account when estimating the sensitivity of future surveys to identify LSB structures. Our annotation database of observed LSB structures may be used for quantitative analysis and as a training set for machine learning algorithms (abbreviated).
Accepted for publication in A&A, 30 pages, 27 figures
References in corpus (36)
- scikit-image: Image processing in Python
- The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
- The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations
- Rotation-invariant convolutional neural networks for galaxy morphology prediction
- Tracing Galaxy Formation with Stellar Halos II: Relating Substructure in Phase- and Abundance-Space to Accretion Histories
- The Atlas3D project -- XXIX. The new look of early-type galaxies and surrounding fields disclosed by extremely deep optical images
- "Skinny Milky Way, Please", says Sagittarius
- The Structures of Distant Galaxies I: Galaxy Structures and the Merger Rate to z~3 in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field
- Ongoing Assembly of Massive Galaxies by Major Merging in Large Groups and Clusters from the SDSS
- Deep learning predictions of galaxy merger stage and the importance of observational realism
- Global Properties of M31's Stellar Halo from the SPLASH Survey. I. Surface Brightness Profile
- The Canada-France Imaging Survey: First results from the u-band component
- The PAndAS Field of Streams: stellar structures in the Milky Way halo toward Andromeda and Triangulum
- Galaxy Merger Rates up to z 3 using a Bayesian Deep Learning Model A Major-Merger classifier using IllustrisTNG Simulation data
- Identifying Galaxy Mergers in Observations and Simulations with Deep Learning
- Probing the merger history of red early-type galaxies with their faint stellar substructures
- On the lifetime of merger features of equal-mass disk mergers
- Galaxy morphological classification in deep-wide surveys via unsupervised machine learning
- Convolutional neural network identification of galaxy post-mergers in UNIONS using IllustrisTNG
- Preparing for low surface brightness science with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory: characterisation of tidal features from mock images
- Beyond the Hubble Sequence -- Exploring Galaxy Morphology with Unsupervised Machine Learning
- An all-sky proper motion map of the Sagittarius stream using Gaia DR2
- Hierarchical progressive surveys. Multi-resolution HEALPix data structures for astronomical images, catalogues, and 3-dimensional data cubes
- A missing outskirts problem? Comparisons between stellar halos in the Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey and the TNG100 simulation
- AstroVaDEr: Astronomical Variational Deep Embedder for Unsupervised Morphological Classification of Galaxies and Synthetic Image Generation
- Pushing automated morphological classifications to their limits with the Dark Energy Survey
- Quantifying Non-parametric Structure of High-redshift Galaxies with Deep Learning
- The distribution of satellites around massive galaxies at 1<z<3 in ZFOURGE/CANDELS: dependence on star formation activity
- Galaxy Zoo: 3D -- Crowd-sourced Bar, Spiral and Foreground Star Masks for MaNGA Target Galaxies
- Probing Asymmetric Structures in the Outskirts of Galaxies
- Studying the Physical Properties of Tidal Features I. Extracting Morphological Substructure in CANDELS Observations and VELA Simulations
- An expanded catalogue of low surface brightness galaxies in the Coma cluster using Subaru/Suprime-Cam
- Ubiquitous signs of interactions in early-type galaxies with prolate rotation
- MATLAS: a deep exploration of the surroundings of massive early-type galaxies
- Learnable Gabor modulated complex-valued networks for orientation robustness
- The nature and origins of the low surface brightness outskirts of massive, central galaxies in Subaru HSC
Cited by in corpus (28)
- Hidden depths in the local Universe: The Stellar Stream Legacy Survey
- Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Dwarf galaxies in the Perseus galaxy cluster
- Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Deep anatomy of nearby galaxies
- Identification of tidal features in deep optical galaxy images with Convolutional Neural Networks
- AGN in post-mergers from the Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey
- A stream come true: Connecting tidal tails, shells, streams, and planes with galaxy kinematics and formation history
- The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Using Tidal Streams and Shells to Trace the Dynamical Evolution of Massive Galaxies
- Massive Early-Type Galaxies in the HSC-SSP: Flux Fraction of Tidal Features and Merger Rates
- Extragalactic Stellar Tidal Streams in the Dark Energy Survey
- ViCTORIA project: MeerKAT HI observations of the ram pressure stripped galaxy NGC 4523
- Remnants of recent mergers in nearby early-type galaxies and their classification
- Distribution of merging and post-merging galaxies in nearby galaxy clusters
- Extragalactic Stellar Tidal Streams: Observations meet Simulation
- Euclid: Early Release Observations of diffuse stellar structures and globular clusters as probes of the mass assembly of galaxies in the Dorado group
- Tidal features and disc thicknesses of edge-on galaxies in the SDSS Stripe 82
- Galaxy shapes in Magneticum. I. Connecting stellar and dark matter shapes to dynamical and morphological galaxy properties and the large-scale structure
- Uncovering Tidal Treasures: Automated Classification of Faint Tidal Features in DECaLS Data
- Low Surface Brightness structures from annotated deep CFHT images: effects of the host galaxy's properties and environment
- The Most Massive Early-type Galaxies Exhibit Tidal Features More Frequently in Lower-density Environments
- STRRINGS: STReams in Residual Images of Nearby GalaxieS
- Euclid: Early Release Observations of ram-pressure stripping in the Perseus cluster. Detection of parsec scale star formation with in the low surface brightness stripped tails of UGC 2665 and MCG +07-07-070
- Modeling Tidal Streams and Tidal Tails around Galaxies Using Deep Wendelstein Imaging Data
- Galaxies OBserved as Low-luminosity Identified Nebulae (GOBLIN): a catalog of 43,000 high-probability dwarf galaxy candidates in the UNIONS survey
- A machine learning approach to assessing the presence of substructure in quasar host galaxies using the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
- VST-SMASH: VST Survey of Mass Assembly and Structural Hierarchy I. Survey presentation and deep photometry of IC 5332: tracing the mass assembly in the challenging faintest-end regime
- Constraining the population of dark matter halo shapes using hierarchical inference with extragalactic stellar streams
- Nested, asymmetric H-He circumstellar shells in the Type Icn/Ibn SN 2024abvb
- Tidal Structures Around Edge-On Galaxies in Deep Imaging Surveys