Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars. I. Chemical Compositions of 26 Stars

Abstract

The chemical compositions of 26 metal-poor stars that exhibit strong CH and/or C2 molecular bands are determined based on high-resolution spectroscopy. We define carbon-enhanced stars taking account of the carbon abundance ratio ([C/Fe]) and the evolutionary status. Twenty two stars in our sample satisfy our modified definition for Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) stars. In addition, we measure Na abundances for nine other carbon-enhanced stars for which abundances of other elements have been previously reported. Combining our new sample with the results of previous work, we investigate the abundance and evolutionary status of a total of 64 CEMP stars. In this paper, we separate the carbon-enhanced objects into Ba-rich and Ba-normal objects, and discuss on (1) the metallicity distributions, (2) the correlation between Ba and C (and C+N) abundances, (3) C abundance distributions, (3) the distributions of evolutionary status, and (5) Na abundances. The implications of these results on the origins of carbon in CEMP stars are discussed.

arXiv comment73 pages, 14 tables, 13 figures, ApJ, in press

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• Constraining Nucleosynthesis in Two CEMP Progenitors Using Fluorine
• Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the SDSS-APOGEE database
• High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the new CEMP-s star CD-50${}^{\circ }$776
• Europium enrichment and hierarchical formation of the Galactic halo
• Spectroscopic study of Ba and CEMP-s stars: Mass distribution of AGB progenitors
• Spectroscopic follow-up of statistically selected extremely metal-poor star candidates from GALAH DR3
• The Puzzling Frequencies of CEMP and NEMP Stars
• Possible discovery of the r-process characteristics in the abundances of metal-rich barium stars
• Probing the nucleosynthetic contribution of low-metallicity, low-mass star companions of CEMP stars
• The chemical imprint of the bursty nature of Milky Way's progenitors
• CD -24_17504 revisited: a new comprehensive element abundance analysis
• The odd-isotope fractions of Barium in CEMP-r/s star HE 0338-3945 and r-II star CS 31082-001
• The intermediate neutron capture process. I. Development of the i-process in low-metallicity low-mass AGB stars
• The study of s-process nucleosynthesis based on barium stars, CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s stars
• High-resolution spectroscopic analysis of four new chemically peculiar stars
• Does the structure of Pop III supernova ejecta affect the elemental abundance of extremely metal-poor stars?
• $s$-Process in Massive Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars
• A new model for the origin of very metal poor stars and their chemical composition
• Optical and NIR spectroscopy of cool CEMP stars to probe the nucleosynthesis in low mass AGB binary system
• Evidence of V-band polarimetric separation of carbon stars at high Galactic latitude
• A Carbon-enhanced Lyman Limit System: Signature of the First Generation of Stars?
• The oldest stars with low neutron-capture element abundances and origins in ancient dwarf galaxies
• Suppression of globular cluster formation in metal-poor gas clouds by Lyman-alpha radiation feedback
• Abundance analysis of s-process enhanced barium stars
• Nucleosynthesis in early rotating massive stars and chemical composition of CEMP stars
• Chemical abundances of the metal-poor horizontal-branch stars CS 22186-005 and CS 30344-033
• A Catalog of 12,766 Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars from LAMOST Data Release 8
• CEMPlifying reionization
• Abundance Pattern Fitting with Bayesian Inference: Constraining First Stars' Properties and Their Explosion Mechanism with Extremely Metal-poor Stars
• Determination of Sodium Abundance Ratio from Low-Resolution Stellar Spectra and Its Applications
• Disc fragmentation and oligarchic growth of protostellar systems in low-metallicity gas clouds
• An Actinide-boost Star Discovered in the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus
• Automated Determination of [Fe/H] and [C/Fe] from Low-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Fuzzy Cluster Analysis: Application to Determining Metallicities for Very Metal-poor Stars
• A Search for Strongly Mg-enhanced Stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Modelling the evolution and nucleosynthesis of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars
• M3DIS -- A grid of 3D radiation-hydrodynamics stellar atmosphere models for stellar surveys. II. Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars
• First Star Survivors as Metal-Rich Halo Stars that Experienced Supernova Explosions in Binary Systems
• i-process nucleosynthesis: observational evidences from CEMP stars
• Fluorine abundances in CEMP stars at the lowest metallicity: Hints on the nature of the first stars
• Dependence of the Sr-to-Ba and Sr-to-Eu Ratio on the Nuclear Equation of State in Metal Poor Halo Stars
• The R-Process Alliance: Exploring the cosmic scatter among ten r-process sites with stellar abundances
• Carbon from massive binary-stripped stars over cosmic time: effect of metallicity
• Chemical analysis of a carbon-enhanced very metal-poor star: CD-27 14351
• Probing Massive Star Nucleosynthesis with Data on Metal-Poor Stars and the Solar System
• LAMOST J045019.27+394758.7, with peculiar abundances of N, Na, V, Zn, is possibly a Sculptor dwarf galaxy escapee
• The CH(G) Index as a New Criterion for Selecting Red Giant Stars
• Main-sequence Turnoff Stars as Probes of the Ancient Galactic Relic: Chemo-dynamical Analysis of a Pilot Sample
• An empirical metallicity tracer in CEMP and C-normal stars
• The evolved pulsating CEMP star HD112869
• HR-GO II: chemical abundances of low-$E$ retrograde dynamically-tagged-groups: Revealing Thamnos as a very metal-poor substructure
• Abundances of neutron-capture elements in CH and Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor (CEMP) stars
• HE0144-4657: A Carbon-Enhanced Ultra Metal-Poor Star ([Fe/H] ~ -4.1) from the Helmi Stream Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
• The s-Process Nucleosynthesis in Extremely Metal-Poor Stars as the Generating Mechanism of Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars
• Proton-rich production of lanthanides: the $\nu i$ process
• CEMP-s and CEMP-s/r stars: last update
• Towards model-free stellar chemical abundances. Potential applications in the search for chemically peculiar stars in large spectroscopic surveys
• An ancient system hidden in the Galactic plane?
• AGB nucleosynthesis at low metallicity: what can we learn from carbon- and s-elements-enhanced metal-poor stars
• J-PLUS: Identifying Outlier Spectral Energy Distributions in the Fourth Data Release Using Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Detailed Abundance Determination of Metal-Poor Stars with X-Shooter I. Unusual Chemistry in Halo Stars
• A Main Sequence CH-star in the globular cluster M55 (NGC 6809)
• Four-hundred Very Metal-poor Stars Studied with LAMOST and Subaru. IV. Heavy Element Enhanced Stars
• Carbon measurements in two ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: Grus II and Tucana IV
• A comparative study on three modes of s-process nucleosynthesis in extremely metal-poor AGB stars