The Pristine survey -- XV. A CFHT ESPaDOnS view on the Milky Way halo and disc populations

Abstract

We present a one-dimensional, local thermodynamic equilibrium (1D-LTE) homogeneous analysis of 132 stars observed at high-resolution with ESPaDOnS. This represents the largest sample observed at high resolution (R$\sim$40,000) from the Pristine survey. This sample is based on the first version of the Pristine catalog and covers the full range of metallicities from [Fe/H]$\sim -3$ to $\sim +0.25$, with nearly half of our sample (58 stars) composed of very metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] $\le$ $-$2). This wide range of metallicities provides the opportunity of a new detailed study of the Milky Way stellar population. Because it includes both dwarf and giant stars, it also enables the analysis of any potential bias induced by the Pristine selection process. Based on Gaia EDR3, the orbital analysis of this Pristine$-$Espadons sample shows that it is composed of 65 halo stars and 67 disc stars. After a general assessment of the sample chemical properties with the $\alpha$-elements Mg and Ca, we focus on the abundance of carbon and the neutron capture elements Ba and Sr. While most of our very metal-poor subsample is carbon normal, we also find that 14 stars out of the 38 stars with [Fe/H] $\le$ $-$2 and measured carbon abundances turn out to be carbon enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. We show that these CEMP stars are nearly exclusively (i.e. 12 stars out of 14) in the regime of low luminosity, unevolved, dwarf stars, which we interpret as the consequence of bias of the Pristine filter against C-rich giants. Among the very metal-poor (VMP) stars, we identify 2 CEMP stars with no enhancement in neutron-capture process elements (CEMP-no) and another one enriched in s-process element (CEMP-s). Finally, one VMP star is found with a very low [Sr/Fe] abundance ratio for its metallicity, as expected if it had been accreted from an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy.

18 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• The Pristine survey -- XXIII. Data Release 1 and an all-sky metallicity catalogue based on Gaia DR3 BP/RP spectro-photometry
• On the inconsistency of [C/Fe] abundances and the fractions of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars among various stellar surveys
• The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) V: a chemo-dynamical investigation of the early assembly of the Milky Way with the most metal-poor stars in the bulge
• Chemo-Dynamically Tagged Groups of CEMP Stars in the Halo of the Milky Way. I. Untangling the Origins of CEMP-$s$ and CEMP-no Stars
• Extremely metal-poor stars in the Fornax and Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Probing the early Milky Way with GHOST spectra of an extremely metal-poor star in the Galactic disk
• Gaia's brightest very metal-poor (VMP) stars. Metallicity catalogue of a thousand VMP stars from Gaia's radial velocity spectrometer spectra
• The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) IX. The largest detailed chemical analysis of very metal-poor stars in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• The Pristine survey: XXV. The very metal-poor Galaxy: Chemodynamics through the follow-up of the Pristine-Gaia synthetic catalogue
• The Pristine Survey -- XXVII. Journey to the Galactic outskirts -- Mapping the outer halo red giant stars down to the very metal-poor end
• Horizontal branch structure, age, and chemical composition for very metal-poor extragalactic globular clusters
• An ancient system hidden in the Galactic plane?