Mass Loss: Its Effect on the Evolution and Fate of High-Mass Stars

Abstract

Our understanding of massive star evolution is in flux, due to recent upheavals in our view of mass loss, and observations of a high binary fraction among O-type stars. Mass-loss rates for standard metallicity-dependent winds of hot stars are now thought to be lower by a factor of 2-3 compared to rates adopted in modern stellar evolution models, due to the influence of clumping. Weaker line-driven winds shift the burden of H-envelope removal elsewhere, so that the dominant modes of mass loss are the winds, pulsations, and eruptions of evolved supergiants, as well as binary mass transfer. Studies of stripped-envelope supernovae, in particular, require binary mass transfer. Dramatic examples of eruptive mass loss are seen in Type IIn supernovae, which have massive shells ejected just a few years before core collapse. The shifting emphasis from steady winds to episodic mass loss is a major change for low-metallicity regions, since eruptions and binary mass transfer are less sensitive to metallicity. We encounter the predicament that the most important modes of mass loss are also the most uncertain, undermining the predictive power of single-star evolution models beyond core H burning. Moreover, the influence of winds and rotation in models has been evaluated by testing single-star models against observed statistics that, as it turns out, are heavily influenced by binary evolution. This alters our view about the most basic outcomes of massive-star mass loss --- are WR stars and SNe Ibc the products of single-star winds, or are they mostly the result of binary evolution and eruptive mass loss? This paradigm shift has far-reaching impact on a number of other areas of astronomy. (abridged)

46 pages, to appear in Anual Reviews of AStronomy & Astrophysics, 2014, volume 52

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• The origin of the late-time luminosity of supernova 2011dh
• Characterizing dynamical states of Galactic open clusters with Gaia DR2
• Evolved Massive Stars at Low-metallicity II. Red Supergiant Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• SNAPSHOT: Connections between Internal and Surface Properties of Massive Stars
• Broad-lined type Ic supernova iPTF16asu: A challenge to all popular models
• How common is LBV S Dor variability at low metallicity?
• Is the high-energy neutrino event IceCube-200530A associated with a hydrogen-rich superluminous supernova?
• Stromlo Stellar Tracks: non-solar scaled abundances for massive stars
• On the observational behaviour of the highly polarized Type IIn supernova SN 2017hcc
• A Generalized Semi-Analytic Model for Magnetar-Driven Supernovae
• Core-collapse supernova progenitor constraints using the spatial distributions of massive stars in local galaxies
• SN 2022ann: A type Icn supernova from a dwarf galaxy that reveals helium in its circumstellar environment
• A Long-Duration Luminous Type IIn Supernova KISS15s: Strong Recombination Lines from the Inhomogeneous Ejecta-CSM Interaction Region and Hot Dust Emission from Newly Formed Dust
• The Zwicky Transient Facility phase I sample of hydrogen-rich superluminous supernovae without strong narrow emission lines
• Clumping and X-Rays in cooler B supergiant stars
• CG X-1: an eclipsing Wolf-Rayet ULX in the Circinus galaxy
• Collective non-thermal emission from an extragalactic jet interacting with stars
• Short Term Variability of Evolved Massive Stars with TESS
• SN 2009ip: Constraining the latest explosion properties by its late-phase light curve
• Red Supergiants in M31: The Humphreys-Davidson limit at high metallicity
• A Spectroscopic Study of the Rich Supernova Remnant Population in M83
• Supernova 2018cuf: A Type IIP supernova with a slow fall from plateau
• Propulsion of Spacecrafts to Relativistic Speeds Using Natural Astrophysical Sources
• Extreme isolation of WN3/O3 stars and implications for their evolutionary origin as the elusive stripped binaries
• Interacting supernovae as high-energy multimessenger transients
• Supernova explosions interacting with aspherical circumstellar material: implications for light curves, spectral line profiles, and polarization
• Is Betelgeuse Really Rotating? Synthetic ALMA Observations of Large-scale Convection in 3D Simulations of Red Supergiants
• SN 2014C: VLBI Images of a Supernova Interacting with a Circumstellar Shell
• The Candidate Progenitor of the Type IIn SN 2010jl is Not an Optically Luminous Star
• The Impact of Progenitor Mass Loss on the Dynamical and Spectral Evolution of Supernova Remnants
• The impact of winds on the spectral appearance of Red Supergiants
• The Candidate Progenitor Companion Star of the Type Ib/c SN 2013ge
• LSQ13ddu: A rapidly-evolving stripped-envelope supernova with early circumstellar interaction signatures
• The effect of mass loss in models of red supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• VETTAM: A scheme for radiation hydrodynamics with adaptive mesh refinement using the variable Eddington tensor method
• Extremely metal-poor galaxy DDO 68: the LBV, H-alpha shells and the most luminous stars
• Evolving into a remnant: optical observations of SN 1978K at three decades
• GRB 090510: a genuine short-GRB from a binary neutron star coalescing into a Kerr-Newman black hole
• A machine-learning photometric classifier for massive stars in nearby galaxies I. The method
• Time Evolution of Gamma Rays from Supernova Remnants
• On the ultra-relativistic Prompt Emission (UPE), the Hard and Soft X-ray Flares, and the extended thermal emission (ETE) in GRB 151027A
• Evidence for multiple origins of fast declining Type II supernovae from spectropolarimetry of SN 2013ej and SN 2017ahn
• Early Evolution and 3D Structure of Embedded Star Clusters
• Precursors of Supernovae from Mass Eruption: Prospects for Early Warning of Nearby Core-collapse Supernovae
• Expanding CO Shells in the Orion A Molecular Cloud
• Updated Photometry of the Yellow Supergiant Progenitor and Late-time Observations of the Type IIb Supernova 2016gkg
• IR nebulae around bright massive stars as indicators for binary interactions
• Supernova PTF12glz: a possible shock breakout driven through an aspherical wind
• A new and unusual LBV-like outburst from a Wolf-Rayet star in the outskirts of M33
• Application of Convolutional Neural Networks to Identify Stellar Feedback Bubbles in CO Emission
• Inferring the parallax of Westerlund 1 from Gaia DR2
• The Spectral Temperature of Optically Thick Outflows with Application to Light Echo Spectra from $\eta$~Carinae's Giant Eruption
• The isolation of Luminous Blue Variables resembles aging B-type supergiants, not the most massive unevolved stars
• Revealing Efficient Dust-Formation at Low Metallicity in Extragalactic Carbon-Rich Wolf-Rayet Binaries
• Dynamical Evolution and Radiative Processes of Supernova Remnants
• The Type IIn Supernova 2010bt: The Explosion of a Star in Outburst
• The Herschel view of the nebula around the luminous blue variable star AG Carinae
• Type II-P Supernova Progenitor Star Initial Masses and SN 2020jfo: Direct Detection, Light Curve Properties, Nebular Spectroscopy, and Local Environment
• SN2020qlb: A hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova with well-characterized light curve undulations
• Demonstration of a novel method for measuring mass-loss rates for massive stars
• A JVLA survey of the high frequency radio emission of the massive magnetic B- and O-type stars
• Gap Transients Interacting with Circumstellar Medium
• Late-time H/He-poor circumstellar interaction in the type-Ic supernova SN 2021ocs: an exposed oxygen-magnesium layer and extreme stripping of the progenitor
• The Expansion of the Forward Shock of 1E 0102.2-7219 in X-rays
• The luminous Type IIN supernova SN 2017hcc: Infrared bright, X-ray and radio faint
• Self-consistent solutions for line-driven winds of hot massive stars. The m-CAK procedure
• The O- and B-Type Stellar Population in W3: Beyond the High-Density Layer
• An extensive spectroscopic time-series of three Wolf-Rayet stars. I. The lifetime of large-scale structures in the wind of WR 134
• An H-alpha survey of the host environments of 77 type IIn supernovae within z<0.02
• The circumstellar material around the Type IIP SN 2021yja
• Radio Analysis of SN 2004C Reveals an Unusual CSM Density Profile as a Harbinger of Core Collapse
• Evolution of massive stars with new hydrodynamic wind models
• Detecting High-Energy Neutrino Minibursts from Local Supernovae with Multiple Neutrino Observatories
• VLTI/AMBER spectro-interferometry of the late-type supergiants V766 Cen (=HR 5171 A), sigma Oph, BM Sco, and HD 206859
• Radiative Acceleration of Dense Circumstellar Material in Interacting Supernovae
• Shock-heated radiation-driven outflows as a solution to the weak-wind problem of late O-type stars
• Observational signature of circumstellar interaction and ${}^{56}$Ni-mixing in the Type II Supernova 2016gfy
• Far-Ultraviolet Spectra of Main-Sequence O Stars at Extremely Low Metallicity
• An Exceptional Dimming Event for a Massive, Cool Supergiant in M51
• A characterization of ASAS-SN core-collapse supernova environments with VLT+MUSE: I. Sample selection, analysis of local environments, and correlations with light curve properties
• On the Number of Stars in the Sun's Birth Cluster
• Multiple Peaks and a Long Precursor in the Type IIn Supernova 2021qqp: An Energetic Explosion in a Complex Circumstellar Environment
• Searching for the expelled hydrogen envelope in Type I supernovae via late-time H-alpha emission
• Non-Universal Stellar Initial Mass Functions: Large Uncertainties in Star Formation Rates at $z\approx 2-4$ and Other Astrophysical Probes
• On the evolutionary state of massive stars in transition phases in M33
• Effect of scattering on the transonic solution topology and intrinsic variability of line-driven stellar winds
• Centrifugally Driven Mass Loss and Outbursts of Massive Stars
• A systematic study of super-Eddington layers in the envelopes of massive stars
• An XMM-Newton and NuSTAR study of IGR J18214-1318: a non-pulsating high-mass X-ray binary with a neutron star
• Eruption of the Envelope of Massive Stars by Energy Injection with Finite Duration
• Extremely energetic supernova explosions embedded in a massive circumstellar medium: the case of SN 2016aps
• Identification of dusty massive stars in star-forming dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Group with mid-IR photometry
• The Wolf-Rayet binaries of the nitrogen sequence in the Large Magellanic Cloud: spectroscopy, orbital analysis, formation, and evolution
• A population of Type Ibc supernovae with massive progenitors; broad lightcurves not uncommon in (i)PTF
• Detection of the Red Supergiant Wind from the Progenitor of Cassiopeia A
• The possible disappearance of a massive star in the low metallicity galaxy PHL 293B
• Uncovering the orbital dynamics of stars hidden inside their powerful winds: application to $\eta$ Carinae and RMC 140
• KSP-SN-2016kf: a long-rising H-rich Type II Supernova with unusually high ${}^{56}$Ni mass discovered in the KMTNet Supernova Program
• The effect of circumstellar matter on the double-peaked type Ic supernovae and implications for LSQ14efd, iPTF15dtg and SN 2020bvc
• Evolution of Helium Star - White Dwarf Binaries Leading up to Thermonuclear Supernovae
• The IACOB project XI. No increase of mass-loss rates over the bistability region
• SPIRITS 16tn in NGC 3556: A heavily obscured and low-luminosity supernova at 8.8 Mpc
• Helium and Nitrogen Enrichment in Massive Main Sequence Stars: Mechanisms and Implications for the Origin of WNL Stars
• SN 2020bio: A Double-peaked, H-poor Type IIb Supernova with Evidence of Circumstellar Interaction
• Aluminium-26 from massive binary stars III. Binary stars up to core-collapse and their impact on the early Solar System
• Toward a better understanding of supernova environments: a study of SNe 2004dg and 2012P in NGC 5806 with HST and MUSE
• A Panchromatic Study of Massive Stars in the Extremely Metal-Poor Local Group Dwarf Galaxy Leo A
• Origin and Impacts of the First Cosmic Rays
• Probing the Innermost Ejecta Layers in SNR Kes 75: Implications for the Supernova Progenitor
• Multiwavelength Observations of NaSt1 (WR 122): Equatorial Mass Loss and X-rays from an Interacting Wolf-Rayet Binary
• Binarity at Low Metallicity (BLOeM) -- Multiplicity properties of Oe and Be stars
• CHIPS: Complete History of Interaction-Powered Supernovae
• Induced Gravitational Collapse, Binary-Driven Hypernovae, Long Gramma-ray Bursts and Their Connection with Short Gamma-ray Bursts
• A cosmic formation site of silicon and sulphur revealed by a new type of supernova explosion
• Detection of Pristine Circumstellar Material of the Cassiopeia A Supernova
• Nebular Halpha emission in SN Ia 2016jae
• Investigating episodic mass loss in evolved massive stars: I. Spectroscopy of dusty massive stars in ten southern galaxies
• Upper Limits on Very-High-Energy Gamma-ray Emission from Core-Collapse Supernovae Observed with H.E.S.S
• Evolved Massive Stars at Low-metallicity IV. Using 1.6 $\mu$m "H-bump" to identify red supergiant stars: a case study of NGC 6822
• Empirical mass-loss rates and clumping properties of O-type stars in the LMC
• Constraints on the Progenitor System of SN 2016gkg from a Comprehensive Statistical Analysis
• Systematic investigation of the effect of 56Ni mixing in the early photospheric velocity evolution of stripped-envelope supernovae
• Lyman-$\alpha$ feedback prevails at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the first galaxies, stars, and star clusters
• The Type II Superluminous SN 2008es at Late Times: Near-Infrared Excess and Circumstellar Interaction
• Exploring the influence of different velocity fields on Wolf-Rayet star spectra
• PION: Simulating bow shocks and circumstellar nebulae
• Constraining Very High Mass Population III Stars through He II Emission in Galaxy BDF-521 at z = 7.01
• The Infrared Massive Stellar Content of M83
• The Formation of Black Holes in Non-interacting, Isolated Binaries. Gaia Black Holes as Calibrators of Stellar Winds From Massive Stars
• Unveiling the Nature of SN 2011fh: a Young and Massive Star Gives Rise to a Luminous SN 2009ip-like Event
• Physical parameters of red supergiants in dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Group
• Early Ultra-Violet observations of type IIn supernovae constrain the asphericity of their circumstellar material
• A moderately precise dynamical age for the Homunculus of Eta Carinae based on 13 years of HST imaging
• Deep optical study of the mixed-morphology supernova remnant G 132.7+1.3 (HB3)
• X-Ray Luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial Biospheres
• Probing the Soft X-ray Properties and Multi-Wavelength Variability of SN2023ixf and its Progenitor
• The zenithal 4-m International Liquid Mirror Telescope: a unique facility for supernova studies
• The Energy Sources of Double-peaked superluminous supernova PS1-12cil and luminous supernova SN 2012aa
• Exploring the Energy Sources Powering the Light Curve of the Type Ibn Supernova PS15dpn and the Mass-Loss History of the SN Progenitor
• Comparison between the first and second mass eruptions from progenitors of Type IIn supernovae
• The landscape of binary core-collapse supernova progenitors and the late emergence of Wolf-Rayet winds
• Probing pre-supernova mass loss in double-peaked Type Ibc supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
• Asymmetric Ejecta of Cool Supergiants and Hypergiants in the Massive Cluster Westerlund 1
• SN 1961V: A Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernova
• Mixing of materials in magnetised core-collapse supernova remnants
• A wind-blown bubble in the Central Molecular Zone cloud G0.253+0.016
• The Interaction of Supernova 2018evt with a Substantial Amount of Circumstellar Matter -- An SN1997cy-like Event
• A Grid of Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant Models I: The Effect of Wind-Driven Mass-Loss
• Investigating 39 Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with VLTI/GRAVITY: Uncovering A Long Period Binary Desert
• Paving the way to simultaneous multi-wavelength astronomy
• ASASSN-18am/SN 2018gk : An overluminous Type IIb supernova from a massive progenitor
• The radial distribution of supernovae compared to star formation tracers
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Enhanced multiplicity of early B-type dwarfs and giants at $Z=0.2{\mathrm{Z}}_{\odot }$
• Revisiting the progenitor of the low-luminosity type II-plateau supernova, SN 2008bk
• The nebular spectra of SN 2023ixf: A lower mass, partially stripped progenitor may be the result of binary interaction
• Monitoring luminous yellow massive stars in M33: new yellow hypergiant candidates
• The Wolf-Rayet Stellar Response To The Iron Opacity Bump: Envelope Inflation, Winds, and Microturbulence
• Towards an understanding of long gamma-ray burst environments through circumstellar medium population synthesis predictions
• Exploring the multifaceted circumstellar environment of the Luminous Blue Variable HR Carinae
• The Center of Expansion and Age of the Oxygen-rich Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2-7219
• The Exceptional X-ray Evolution of SN1996cr in High Resolution
• Mechanical feedback from stellar winds with an application to galaxy formation at high redshift
• The morphology of the ejecta of SN 1987A at 31 years from 1150 to 10000 Å
• Simultaneous 183 GHz H2O Maser and SiO Observations Towards Evolved Stars Using APEX SEPIA Band 5
• Early-time gamma-ray constraints on cosmic-ray acceleration in the core-collapse SN 2023ixf with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch
• Finding $\eta$ Car Analogs in Nearby Galaxies Using Spitzer: II. Identification of An Emerging Class of Extragalactic Self-Obscured Stars
• Inferring CSM Properties of Type II SNe Using a Magnitude-Limited ZTF Sample
• The mass distribution of stars stripped in binaries: The effect of metallicity
• Effects of Winds on the Optical Properties of Type Ib and Ic Supernova Progenitors
• Optical Rebrightening of Extragalactic Transients from the Zwicky Transient Facility
• A Systematic Study Of Superluminous Supernova Lightcurve Models Using Clustering
• SNhunt151: an explosive event inside a dense cocoon
• VLTI-PIONIER imaging of the red supergiant V602 Carinae
• Luminous Type II Short-Plateau SN 2023ufx: Asymmetric Explosion of a Partially-Stripped Massive Progenitor
• Long-term soft and hard X-ray investigation of the colliding wind WN+O binary WR 25
• Tracing the evolution of short-period binaries with super-synchronous fast rotators
• A low-metallicity massive contact binary undergoing slow Case A mass transfer: A detailed spectroscopic and orbital analysis of SSN 7 in NGC 346 in the SMC
• Post maximum light and late time optical imaging polarimetry of type I superluminous supernova 2020znr
• A Flat-Spectrum Radio Transient at 122 Mpc consistent with an Emerging Pulsar Wind Nebula
• New constraints on the gamma-ray and high energy neutrino fluxes from the circumstellar interaction of SN 2023ixf
• The infrared echo of SN2010jl and its implications for shock breakout characteristics
• iPTF14hls in the circumstellar medium interaction model: A promising candidate for a pulsational pair-instability supernova
• SN 2014C: VLBI image shows a shell structure and decelerated expansion
• The metamorphosis of the Type Ib SN 2019yvr: late-time interaction
• On the diversity of strongly-interacting Type IIn supernovae
• Gray Radiation Hydrodynamics with the FLASH Code for Astrophysical Applications
• Properties of luminous red supergiant stars in the Magellanic Clouds
• Dissecting a SN impostor's circumstellar medium: MUSEing about the SHAPE of eta Car's outer ejecta
• A numerical light curve model for interaction-powered supernovae
• A multi-wavelength search for intrinsic linear polarization in Wolf-Rayet winds
• An Apparent Precessing Helical Outflow from a Massive Evolved Star: Evidence for Binary Interaction
• Critical Metallicity of Cool Supergiant Formation. I. Effects on Stellar Mass Loss and Feedback
• A New Luminous blue variable in the outskirt of the Andromeda Galaxy
• Stagnant Shells in the Vicinity of the Dusty Wolf-Rayet-OB Binary WR 112
• The Demographics of Binary Companions to Stripped-Envelope Supernovae: Confronting Observations with Population Synthesis
• History of two mass loss processes in VY CMa. Fast outflows carving older ejecta
• Herschel observations of the nebula M1-67 around the Wolf-Rayet star WR 124
• The Maximum Black Hole Mass at Solar Metallicity
• Stochastic Core Spin-Up in Massive Stars -- Implications of 3D Simulations of Oxygen Shell Burning
• SN 2014ab: An Aspherical Type IIn Supernova with Low Polarization
• The Extremely Metal-Poor SN 2023ufx: A Local Analog to High-Redshift Type II Supernovae
• Large Cold Dust Reservoir Revealed in Transitional SN Ib 2014C by James Webb Space Telescope Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
• The Immediate, Exemplary, and Fleeting echelle spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf: Monitoring acceleration of slow progenitor circumstellar material, driven by shock interaction
• Instability, finite amplitude pulsation and mass-loss in models of massive OB-type stars
• Inferring the progenitor mass-kinetic energy relation of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae from nebular spectroscopy
• The dense and non-homogeneous circumstellar medium revealed in radio wavelengths around the Type Ib SN 2019oys
• Modeling the Optical to Ultraviolet Polarimetric Variability from Thomson Scattering in Colliding Wind Binaries
• Type IIP supernova SN 2016X in radio frequencies
• A Snapshot Survey of Nearby Supernovae with the Hubble Space Telescope
• Compact Objects in close orbits as Gravitational Wave Sources: Formation Scenarios and Properties
• One Year of SN 2023ixf: Breaking Through the Degenerate Parameter Space in Light-Curve Models with Pulsating Progenitors
• Velocity evolution of broad-lined type-Ic supernovae with and without gamma-ray bursts
• The canonical Luminous Blue Variable AG Car and its neighbor Hen 3-519 are much closer than previously assumed
• Multi-wavelength View of the Type IIn Zoo: Optical to X-ray Emission Model of Interaction-Powered Supernovae
• Investigating episodic mass loss in evolved massive stars: II. Physical properties of red supergiants at subsolar metallicity
• Luminous Blue Variables
• Magnetic Archaeology of Early-Type Stellar Dynamos
• Shock-cooling Constraints via Early-time Observations of the Type IIb SN 2022hnt
• Metallicity Estimation of Core-Collapse Supernova HII Regions in Galaxies within 30 Mpc
• Probing the Circumstellar Environment of highly luminous type IIn SN ASASSN-14il
• The possible existence of Pop III NS-BH binary and its detectability
• He abundance of Dense Circumstellar Clumps in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant
• Hydrodynamical interaction of mildly relativistic ejecta with an ambient medium
• Radio evolution of a Type IIb supernova SN 2016gkg
• ASASSN-14ms:the Most Energetic Known Explosion of a Type Ibn Supernova and its Physical Origin
• Investigating the observational properties of Type Ib supernova SN 2017iro
• SN 2019nyk: A rapidly declining Type II supernova with early interaction signatures
• Supernovae from stellar mergers and accretors of binary mass transfer: Implications for Type IIP, 1987A-like and interacting supernovae
• The IACOB project XIV. New clues on the location of the TAMS in the massive star domain
• The enigmatic double-peaked stripped-envelope SN 2023aew
• On the Anti-Correlation between Duration and Redshift in Gamma-ray Bursts
• The contribution by luminous blue variable stars to the dust content of the Magellanic Clouds
• Multiple giant eruptions and X-ray emission in the recoiling AGN/LBV candidate SDSS1133
• Near-infrared characterization of four massive stars in transition phases
• Ultraviolet Mg II emission from fast neutral ejecta around Eta Carinae
• HSC16aayt: Slowly evolving interacting transient rising for more than 100 days
• Constraints on the environment and energetics of the Broad-Line Ic SN2014ad from deep radio and X-ray observations
• The massive star population of the Virgo Cluster galaxy NGC 4535
• Supernovae from rotating stars
• Supernova Remnants as Clues to Their Progenitors
• Discovery of Five Candidate Analogs for $\eta$Carinae in Nearby Galaxies
• Optical Synchrotron Precursors of Radio Hypernovae
• Survival of the Fittest: Numerical Modeling of Supernova 2014C
• Inverse Compton cooling of thermal plasma in colliding-wind binaries
• The First Candidate Colliding-Wind Binary in M33
• On the origin of the asymmetry of the ejecta structure and explosion of G350.1$-$0.3
• A Speckle-Imaging Search for Close and Very Faint Companions to the Nearest and Brightest Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Low frequency radio observations of SN 2011dh and the evolution of its post-shock plasma properties
• A binary origin for the first isolated stellar-mass black hole detected with astrometric microlensing
• The Origin and Distance of the High-Velocity Cloud MI
• Faint but not forgotten. I. First results from a search for astrospheres around AGB stars in the far-ultraviolet
• X-Shooting ULLYSES: massive stars at low metallicity: XII. The clumped winds of O-type (super)giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Exploring extreme brightness variations in blue supergiant MACHO 80.7443.1718: Evidence for companion-driven enhanced mass loss
• Origin of Spectral Hardening of Secondary Cosmic-Ray Nuclei
• Continuum and Spectral Line Radiation from a Random Clumpy Medium
• Theoretical X-ray light curves of young SNe II: the example of SN 2013ej
• A long-lasting eruption heralds SN 2023ldh, a clone of SN 2009ip
• A Population Study on the Radio Emission of Fast Blue Optical Transients
• Is FRB 191001 embedded in a supernova remnant?
• Escape of cosmic rays from perpendicular shocks in the circumstellar magnetic field
• Discovering new B[e] supergiants and candidate Luminous Blue Variables in nearby galaxies
• Monte Carlo Radiation Transport for Astrophysical Transients Powered by Circumstellar Interaction
• The origins of low-luminosity supernovae: the case of SN 2016bkv
• How to turn a Supernova into a PeVatron
• The bright long-lived Type II SN 2021irp powered by aspherical circumstellar material interaction (I): Revealing the energy source with photometry and spectroscopy
• The HST Key Project galaxies NGC 1326A, NGC 1425 and NGC 4548: New variable stars and massive star population
• Massive stars, successes and challenges
• Modelling multiwavelength emission of Ultra-luminous X-ray Sources accreting above the Eddington limit
• UV spectroscopy of the blue supergiant SBW1: the remarkably weak wind of a SN 1987A analog
• Enhanced Mass Loss of Very Massive Stars: Impact on the Evolution, Binary Processes, and Remnant Mass Spectrum
• Spectral Signatures of Population III and Envelope-stripped Stars in Galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization
• The nebular phase of SN 2024ggi: a low-mass progenitor with no signs of interaction
• SOFIA/FORCAST Observations of the Luminous Blue Variable Candidates MN 90 and HD 168625
• Radio view of a broad-line Type Ic supernova ASASSN-16fp
• Possible Detection of X-Ray Emitting Circumstellar Material in the Synchrotron-Dominated Supernova Remnant RX J 1713.7-3946
• Insights into the Properties of Type Ibn/Icn Supernovae and Their Progenitor Channels through X-ray Emission
• Investigating episodic mass loss in evolved massive stars: III. Spectroscopy of dusty massive stars in three northern galaxies
• The drastic impact of Eddington-limit induced mass ejections on massive star populations
• On the nature of slowly rising interaction-powered supernovae
• The effects of Thomson scattering and chemical mixing on early-time light curves of double peaked type IIb supernovae
• The pre-SN activity as a possible explanation of the peculiar properties of Type IIP Supernova 2009kf
• Eruptive mass loss less than a year before the explosion of superluminous supernovae: I. The cases of SN 2020xga and SN 2022xgc
• A newly-identified emission-line region around P Cygni
• SXP214, an X-ray Pulsar in the Small Magellanic Cloud, Crossing the Circumstellar Disk of the Companion
• The bright, dusty aftermath of giant eruptions & H-rich supernovae. Late interaction of supernova shocks & dusty circumstellar shells
• The X-ray Decay of the ultraluminous supernova SN 1978K in NGC 1313
• Impact of accretion-induced chemically homogeneous evolution on stellar and compact binary populations
• On the optical properties of Resonant Drag Instabilities: Variability of Asymptotic Giant Branch and R Coronae Borealis stars
• X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity. XIII. Putting the bi-stability jump to the test in the LMC
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Dense Ejecta Knots in the Outer Eastern Area of the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant
• The fast rise of the unusual Type IIL/IIb SN 2018ivc
• On variability of DDO68-V1, a unique extremely metal-poor LBV
• Massive stars dying alone: the remote environment of SN 2010jp and its associated late-time source
• The structure and evolution of a high-mass stellar merger in the Hertzsprung gap
• Period change of massive binaries from combined photometric and spectroscopic data in Cygnus OB2
• Thermodynamics of the Condensation of Dust Grains in Wolf-Rayet Stellar Winds
• The rotational shear in pre-collapse cores of massive stars
• Radio and Gamma-ray Evidence for the Supernova Origin of High Velocity Cloud Complex M
• SN2017ckj: A linearly declining Type IIb supernova with a relatively massive hydrogen envelope
• High Cadence TESS and ground-based data of SN 2019esa, the less energetic sibling of SN 2006gy
• Chandra X-ray Measurement of Heavy Element Abundances of Wolf-Rayet Stars in the Galactic Center
• An Optical and Infrared Time-Domain Study of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient Candidate IC 10 X-2
• Improving 1D stellar atmosphere models with insights from multi-dimensional simulations II. 1D versus 3D hydrodynamically consistent model comparison for WR stars
• Hydrodynamic Modelling of Early Peaks in Type Ibc Supernovae with Circumstellar Interaction
• A study of the central stellar populations of galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA: identification of a sub-sample with unusually young and massive stars
• Thorne-Żytkow Objects
• A constant upper luminosity limit of cool supergiant stars down to the extremely low metallicity of I Zw 18
• Where to find over-massive brown dwarfs: new benchmark systems for binary evolution
• The bright long-lived Type II SN 2021irp powered by aspherical circumstellar material interaction (II): Estimating the CSM mass and geometry with polarimetry and light curve modeling
• {\sc precision}: A fast python pipeline for high-contrast imaging -- application to SPHERE observations of the red supergiant VX Sagitariae
• Emission Line Diagnostics for IMBHs in Dwarf Galaxies: Accounting for BH Seeding and ULX Excitation
• On the Binary Nature of the Progenitor of SN2015ap: Insights from Its Light Curve and Spectral Evolution
• Evolutionary models for the Very Massive Stars in the R136 cluster of 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Bridging the Gap: From Massive Stars to Supernovae
• Wray 15-906: a candidate luminous blue variable discovered with WISE, Herschel and SALT
• Explanations for the two-component spectral energy distributions of gravitationally lensed stars at high redshifts
• A multi-frequency, multi-epoch radio continuum study of the Arches cluster with the VLA
• Challenges in Forming Millisecond Pulsar-Black Holes from Isolated Binaries
• SN 2023ixf: interaction signatures in the spectrum at 445 days
• Near-Eddington mass loss of hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars
• Red Supergiants in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies
• Explosions of pulsating red supergiants: a natural pathway for the diversity of Type II-P/L supernovae
• SN 2024iss: A Double-peaked Type IIb Supernova with Evidence of Circumstellar Interaction
• SN 2022ngb: A faint, slowly evolving Type IIb supernova with a low-mass envelope
• The hydrogen-free circumstellar interaction in the Type Ib supernova 2021efd: A clue to the mechanism of the helium-layer stripping
• The wind properties of O-type stars at sub-SMC metallicity
• Discovery of an optical cocoon tail behind the runaway HD 185806
• Jet-driven active galactic nucleus feedback in galaxy formation before black hole formation
• Sub-photospheric fluctuations in magnetized radiative envelopes: contribution from unstable magnetosonic waves
• A new candidate Luminous Blue Variable
• Discovery of a 310-day Period from the Enshrouded Massive System NaSt1 (WR 122)
• SN 2024abvb: A Type Icn Supernova in the Outskirts of its Host Galaxy
• Non-stoichiometric amorphous magnesium-iron silicates in circumstellar dust shells. Dust growth in outflows from supergiants
• WR 63: A multiple system (O+O)+WR ?
• Giant outbursts of clumpy material preceding Type II supernova 2024qiw
• GRB160203A: an exploration of lumpy space
• PGIR 20eid (SN2020qmp): A Type IIP Supernova at 15.6 Mpc discovered by the Palomar Gattini-IR survey
• Weak Mass Loss from the Red Supergiant Progenitor of the Type II SN 2021yja
• VLBI Observations of SN 2012au Reveal a Compact Radio Source a Decade Post Explosion
• ASASSN-13dn: A Luminous and Double-Peaked Type II Supernova
• Fading Echoes of Interaction: Probing Centuries of Preexplosion Mass-Loss in Four Type IIn Supernovae
• Eruptive mass loss less than a year before the explosion of superluminous supernovae. II. A systematic search for pre-explosion eruptions with VLT/X-shooter
• Massive stars: stellar models and stellar yields, impact on Galactic Archaeology
• Interacting supernovae and where to find them
• The extreme scarcity of dust-enshrouded red supergiants: consequences for producing stripped stars via winds
• SNR G292.0+1.8: A Remnant of a Low-Mass Progenitor Stripped-Envelope Supernova
• Accretion in massive colliding wind binaries and the effect of wind momentum ratio
• Tale of GRB 171010A/SN 2017htp and GRB 171205A/SN 2017iuk: Magnetar origin?
• Supernovae in colliding-wind binaries: observational signatures in the first year
• Viscous and centrifugal instabilities of massive stars
• The impact of ultraviolet suppression on the rates and properties of strongly lensed Type IIn supernovae detected by LSST
• Spectroscopy of AT 2016blu's recurring supernova impostor outbursts
• SN 2021tsz: A luminous, short photospheric phase Type II supernova in a low-metallicity host
• New Blue and Red Variable Stars in NGC 247
• Progenitor and Close-In Circumstellar Medium of Type II Supernova 2020fqv from High-Cadence Photometry and Ultra-Rapid UV Spectroscopy
• Nested, asymmetric H-He circumstellar shells in the Type Icn/Ibn SN 2024abvb
• An infrared echo from a circumstellar disk in the hydrogen- and helium-poor SN 2024aecx
• Comprehensive neutrino light curves and spectra: from pre-supernova evolution to early supernova phase
• ALMA measurements of mass loss and wind clumping in the massive stars of the Arches cluster
• Formation of black holes from He stars
• The Age of the R127 & R128 Clusters: Implications for the LBV
• Radio Supernovae
• Discovering Supernovae at Epoch of Reionization with Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• The Impact of Accretion on FRB Radiation Mechanisms in Binary Systems: Constraints and Implications
• The Bright Supernova 1996cr in the Circinus Galaxy Imaged with VLBI: Shell Structure with Complex Evolution
• The Properties of Fast Yellow Pulsating Supergiants: FYPS Point the Way to Missing Red Supergiants
• Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Reveals That SN 2015bh Is Much Fainter than Its Progenitor
• Using CSST and ejecta-wind interaction in type II-P supernovae to constrain the wind-mass loss of red supergiant stars