iPTF14hls in the circumstellar medium interaction model: A promising candidate for a pulsational pair-instability supernova

Abstract

iPTF14hls is a luminous Type II supernova (SN) with a bumpy light curve that remains debated for its origin. It maintains roughly a constant effective temperature and luminosity since discovery for about 600 days, followed by a slow decay. On $\sim 1000$\ days post discovery the light curve transitions to a very steep decline. A spectrum taken during this steep decline phase shows clear signatures of shock interaction with dense circumstellar medium (CSM). Here we explore the possibility of iPTF14hls as an interaction-powered SN. The light curve of iPTF14hls can be fitted with wind-like CSMs. Analytic modeling indicates that iPTF14hls may have undertaken six episodes of mass loss during the last $\sim 200\mathrm{yr}$. Assuming that the 1954 eruption triggered the last mass-loss episode, the stellar-wind velocity is determined to be $40-70\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, depending on different models. Mass loss rates are in the range . The inferred total mass of ejecta and CSMs ($M_{\mathrm{ej}}+M_{\mathrm{CSMs}}\simeq 245M_{\odot }$) supports the idea that iPTF14hls may be a candidate for a (pulsational) pair-instability SN. Discovery and observations of more similar stellar explosions will help understand these peculiar SNe.

12 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Probing the Circumstellar Environment of highly luminous type IIn SN ASASSN-14il
• The bright, dusty aftermath of giant eruptions & H-rich supernovae. Late interaction of supernova shocks & dusty circumstellar shells