Short-Lived Circumstellar Interaction in the Low-Luminosity Type IIP SN 2016bkv

Abstract

While interaction with circumstellar material is known to play an important role in Type IIn supernovae (SNe), analyses of the more common SNe IIP and IIL have not traditionally included interaction as a significant power source. However, recent campaigns to observe SNe within days of explosion have revealed narrow emission lines of high-ionization species in the earliest spectra of luminous SNe II of all subclasses. These "flash ionization" features indicate the presence of a confined shell of material around the progenitor star. Here we present the first low-luminosity (LL) SN to show flash ionization features, SN 2016bkv. This SN peaked at $M_V=-16$ mag and has Hα expansion velocities under 1350 km/s around maximum light, placing it at the faint/slow end of the distribution of SNe IIP (similar to SN 2005cs). The light-curve shape of SN 2016bkv is also extreme among SNe IIP. A very strong initial peak could indicate additional luminosity from circumstellar interaction. A very small fall from the plateau to the nickel tail indicates unusually large production of radioactive nickel compared to other LL SNe IIP. A comparison between nebular spectra of SN 2016bkv and models raises the possibility that SN 2016bkv is an electron-capture supernova.

arXiv commentUpdated to match published version in ApJ. Photometry table and SYN++ input file available at right

References in corpus (45)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The Eighth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Data from SDSS-III
• Progenitors of core-collapse supernovae
• Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
• WISeREP - An Interactive Supernova Data Repository
• The Thirteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey MApping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory
• Observed and Physical Properties of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Confined Dense Circumstellar Material Surrounding a Regular Type II Supernova: The Unique Flash-Spectroscopy Event of SN 2013fs
• The diversity of Type II supernova versus the similarity in their progenitors
• A Wolf-Rayet-like progenitor of supernova SN 2013cu from spectral observations of a wind
• Evidence for Asphericity in the Type IIn Supernova 1998S
• The HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale XXVI. The Calibration of Population II Secondary Distance Indicators and the Value of the Hubble Constant
• Luminous Blue Variable eruptions and related transients: Diversity of progenitors and outburst properties
• Low Luminosity Type II Supernovae: Spectroscopic and Photometric Evolution
• Type II Supernovae as Standardized Candles
• Proper image subtraction - optimal transient detection, photometry and hypothesis testing
• Flash Spectroscopy: Emission Lines from the Ionized Circumstellar Material around $<10$-Day-Old Type II Supernovae
• Unifying Type II Supernova Light Curves with Dense Circumstellar Material
• The Peculiar Type II Supernova 1997 D: A Case for a Very Low 56Ni Mass
• Underluminous Type II Plateau Supernovae: II. Pointing towards moderate mass precursors
• Photometric and Spectroscopic Properties of Type II-P Supernovae
• Measuring the Progenitor Masses and Dense Circumstellar Material of Type II Supernovae
• SN 2005cs in M51 I. The first month of evolution of a subluminous SN II plateau
• The Progenitor of SN 2005cs in the Whirlpool Galaxy
• The Xinglong 2.16-m Telescope: Current Instruments and Scientific Projects
• Identification of the Red Supergiant Progenitor of Supernova 2005cs: Do the Progenitors of Type II-P Supernovae Have Low Mass?
• Optical Spectroscopy of Supernova 1993J During Its First 2500 Days
• SN 2006bp: Probing the Shock Breakout of a Type II-P Supernova
• On The Intrinsic Diversity of Type II-Plateau Supernovae
• Real-Time Detection and Rapid Multiwavelength Follow-up Observations of a Highly Subluminous Type II-P Supernova from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey
• Early-time spectra of supernovae and their precursor winds: the luminous blue variable/yellow hypergiant progenitor of SN 2013cu
• Early Emission from the Type IIn Supernova 1998S at High Resolution
• UV/Optical emission from the expanding envelopes of type II supernovae
• Electron-capture supernovae exploding within their progenitor wind
• The Photometric System of Tsinghua-NAOC 80-cm Telescope at NAOC Xinglong Observatory
• Distance determination to 12 Type II-P Supernovae using the Expanding Photosphere Method
• Distance determination to 12 Type II Supernovae using the Expanding Photosphere Method
• Emission line models for the lowest-mass core collapse supernovae. I: Case study of a 9 $M_{\odot }$ one-dimensional neutrino-driven explosion
• Radiation-hydrodynamical modelling of underluminous type II plateau Supernovae
• A study of the low-luminosity Type II-Plateau supernova 2008bk
• Progenitors of low-luminosity Type II-Plateau supernovae
• An upper mass limit for the progenitor of the TypeII-P supernova SN1999gi
• Will a Black Hole Soon Emerge from SN 1997D ?

Cited by in corpus (59)

• A large fraction of hydrogen-rich supernova progenitors experience elevated mass loss shortly prior to explosion
• A meta analysis of core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses
• The electron-capture origin of supernova 2018zd
• The prevalence and influence of circumstellar material around hydrogen-rich supernova progenitors
• The Type II-P Supernova 2017eaw: from explosion to the nebular phase
• Remnants and ejecta of thermonuclear electron-capture supernovae: Constraining oxygen-neon deflagrations in high-density white dwarfs
• Type IIP supernova light curves affected by the acceleration of red supergiant winds
• Shock Cooling and Possible Precursor Emission in the Early Light Curve of the Type II SN 2023ixf
• Numerical Simulations of Convective 3-Dimensional Red Supergiant Envelopes
• Luminous Type II Short-Plateau Supernovae 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz: A Transitional Class from Stripped Massive Red Supergiants
• SN 2018zd: An Unusual Stellar Explosion as Part of the Diverse Type II Supernova Landscape
• The Early Phases of Supernova 2020pni: Shock-Ionization of the Nitrogen-Enriched Circumstellar Material
• The SPIRITS sample of Luminous Infrared Transients: Uncovering Hidden Supernovae and Dusty Stellar Outbursts in Nearby Galaxies
• Spectrophotometric templates for core collapse supernovae and their application in simulations of time-domain surveys
• The early discovery of SN 2017ahn: signatures of persistent interaction in a fast declining Type II supernova
• Probing the Final-stage Progenitor Evolution for Type IIP Supernova 2017eaw in NGC 6946
• Origins of Type Ibn SNe 2006jc/2015G in interacting binaries and implications for pre-SN eruptions
• Progenitors of early-time interacting supernovae
• The quiescent progenitors of four Type II-P/L supernovae
• Shock cooling emission from explosions of red super-giants: I. A numerically calibrated analytic model
• Stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses: Persistently larger values than supernovae type II
• Supernova 2017eaw: molecule and dust formation from infrared observations
• The Iron Yield of Normal Type II Supernovae
• Circumstellar Medium Interaction in SN 2018lab, A Low-Luminosity II-P Supernova observed with TESS
• SN 2018gjx reveals that some SNe Ibn are SNe IIb exploding in dense circumstellar material
• Discovery and Rapid Follow-up Observations of the Unusual Type II SN 2018ivc in NGC 1068
• A Massive Star's Dying Breaths: Pulsating Red Supergiants and Their Resulting Type IIP Supernovae
• Observations of the luminous red nova AT 2021biy in the nearby galaxy NGC 4631
• Supernova 2018cuf: A Type IIP supernova with a slow fall from plateau
• The low-luminosity type II SN\,2016aqf: A well-monitored spectral evolution of the Ni/Fe abundance ratio
• A pre-explosion extended effervescent zone around core collapse supernova progenitors
• Early emission lines in SN 2024ggi revealed by high-resolution spectroscopy
• Type II-P Supernova Progenitor Star Initial Masses and SN 2020jfo: Direct Detection, Light Curve Properties, Nebular Spectroscopy, and Local Environment
• KSP-SN-2016kf: a long-rising H-rich Type II Supernova with unusually high ${}^{56}$Ni mass discovered in the KMTNet Supernova Program
• SN 2018is: a low-luminosity Type IIP supernova with narrow hydrogen emission lines at early phases
• Type Ib supernova Master OT J120451.50+265946.6: radio emitting shock with inhomogeneities crossing through a dense shell
• Memory-triggered supernova neutrino detection
• Inferring CSM Properties of Type II SNe Using a Magnitude-Limited ZTF Sample
• Asymmetries and Circumstellar Interaction in the Type II SN 2024bch
• iPTF14hls in the circumstellar medium interaction model: A promising candidate for a pulsational pair-instability supernova
• The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Its Observational Signatures
• The Immediate, Exemplary, and Fleeting echelle spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf: Monitoring acceleration of slow progenitor circumstellar material, driven by shock interaction
• A Snapshot Survey of Nearby Supernovae with the Hubble Space Telescope
• One Year of SN 2023ixf: Breaking Through the Degenerate Parameter Space in Light-Curve Models with Pulsating Progenitors
• The Formation of Electron-capture Supernovae: A Review
• The Mystery of Photometric Twins DES17X1boj and DES16E2bjy
• SN 2022acko: a low-luminosity SNe IIP with signs of early circumstellar interaction
• Detecting High-Energy Neutrinos from Galactic Supernovae with ATLAS
• Theoretical X-ray light curves of young SNe II: the example of SN 2013ej
• A long-lasting eruption heralds SN 2023ldh, a clone of SN 2009ip
• The origins of low-luminosity supernovae: the case of SN 2016bkv
• SN2017ckj: A linearly declining Type IIb supernova with a relatively massive hydrogen envelope
• ZTF-observed late-time signals of pre-ZTF transients
• Building spectral templates and reconstructing parameters for core collapse supernovae with CASTOR
• shock_cooling_curve: A Python-Based Package for Extensive and Efficient Modeling of Shock Cooling Emission in Supernovae
• Modeling the light curve of Type IIn-P SN 2005cl with red supergiant progenitors featuring pre-SN ourbursts
• Weak Mass Loss from the Red Supergiant Progenitor of the Type II SN 2021yja
• Between Plateaus and Slopes: A Data-Driven Exploration of Spectral Diversity Across Type IIP/L Supernovae
• Signatures of anti-social mass-loss in the ordinary Type II SN 2024bch -- A non-interacting supernova with early high-ionisation features