SN 2022acko: a low-luminosity SNe IIP with signs of early circumstellar interaction

Abstract

We present optical-ultraviolet photometry and optical spectra for the type II supernova (SN) 2022acko. The spectroscopic observations span phases from $\sim$ 1.5 to $\sim$ 60 days after the explosion, while the light curve was observed up to $\sim$ 300 days. The V-band peak is $-15.5\pm 0.3$ mag, suggesting that SN 2022acko is a low-luminosity SN II (LLSN). The overall observed properties of SN 2022acko are consistent with those produced by a lower mass progenitor (${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{ZAMS}}\sim$9-10M${}_{\odot }$). The spectra at $t=1.5$d and $t=2.5$d exhibit a broad emission feature peaking near 4600 Å(the ``ledge'' feature), which we interpret as blueshifted He II 4686 Ålines arising from the ionized ejecta. Moreover, a possible flash-ionized (FI) emission line of H$\alpha$ (FWHM $\sim 1100\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$) was superposed on the broad emission component of H$\alpha$ P-Cgyni profile in the $t=1.5$d spectrum. Assuming an ejecta velocity of $12000\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, the rapid disappearance of this narrow H$\alpha$ emission line within two days suggests highly confined CSM within $\sim 2\times 10^{14}\mathrm{cm}$. Assuming a spherically symmetric CSM, the mass loss rate within this radius is estimated to be $\sim 5\times 10^{-4}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{yea}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$ based on our hybrid light curve model. The early ``ledge'' feature observed in SN 2022acko have also been observed in other SNe II, suggesting that early-phase circumstellar interaction (CSI) is more common than previously thought.

published in MNRAS

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