Underluminous Type II Plateau Supernovae: II. Pointing towards moderate mass precursors

Abstract

We present new data for five under-luminous type II-plateau supernovae (SNe IIP), namely SN 1999gn, SN 2002gd, SN 2003Z, SN 2004eg and SN 2006ov. This new sample of low-luminosity SNe IIP (LL SNe IIP) is analyzed together with similar objects studied in the past. All of them show a flat light curve plateau lasting about 100 days, an under luminous late-time exponential tail, intrinsic colours that are unusually red, and spectra showing prominent and narrow P-Cygni lines. A velocity of the ejected material below 10^3 km/s is inferred from measurements at the end of the plateau. The 56Ni masses ejected in the explosion are very small (less than 10^-2 solar masses). We investigate the correlations among 56Ni mass, expansion velocity of the ejecta and absolute magnitude in the middle of the plateau, confirming the main findings of Hamuy (2003), according to which events showing brighter plateau and larger expansion velocities are expected to produce more 56Ni. We propose that these faint objects represent the low luminosity tail of a continuous distribution in parameters space of SNe IIP. The physical properties of the progenitors at the explosion are estimated through the hydrodynamical modeling of the observables for two representative events of this class, namely SN 2005cs and SN 2008in. We find that the majority of LL SNe IIP, and quite possibly all, originate in the core-collapse of intermediate mass stars, in the mass range 10-15 solar masses.

20 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (17)

• The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
• SN 2005cs in M51 II. Complete Evolution in the Optical and the Near-Infrared
• The 2008 Luminous Optical Transient in the Nearby Galaxy NGC 300
• Using Quantitative Spectroscopic Analysis to Determine the Properties and Distances of Type II-Plateau Supernovae: SNe 2005cs and 2006bp
• An optimal hydrodynamic model for the normal Type IIP supernova 1999em
• An Intermediate Luminosity Transient in NGC300: The Eruption of a Dust-Enshrouded Massive Star
• ESC Supernova spectroscopy of non-ESC targets
• SN 2008S: A Cool Super-Eddington Wind in a Supernova Impostor
• Progenitor mass of the type IIP supernova 2005cs
• VLT detection of a red supergiant progenitor of the type IIP supernova 2008bk
• A very faint core-collapse supernova in M85
• SN 2009N: Linking normal and subluminous type II-P SNe
• Distance estimate and progenitor characteristics of SN 2005cs in M51
• Ruling out a massive-assymptoic giant-branch star as the progenitor of supernova 2005cs
• Observations and analysis of two type IIP supernovae: the intrinsically faint object SN 2005cs and the ambiguous object SN 2005ay
• Ejecta and progenitor of the low-luminosity Type IIP supernova 2003Z
• Analyzing SN2003Z with PHOENIX

Cited by in corpus (121)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Convective Boundaries, Element Diffusion, and Massive Star Explosions
• Core-Collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-powered Explosions
• Observational constraints on the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae : the case for missing high mass stars
• The discovery of the electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817: kilonova AT 2017gfo/DLT17ck
• The diversity of Type II supernova versus the similarity in their progenitors
• Bolometric light curves and explosion parameters of 38 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae
• The Landscape of the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Neutron Star and Black Hole Mass Functions, Explosion Energies and Nickel Yields
• Photometric and Spectroscopic Properties of Type II-P Supernovae
• Measuring the Progenitor Masses and Dense Circumstellar Material of Type II Supernovae
• Super-AGB Stars and their role as Electron Capture Supernova progenitors
• Type II supernova spectral diversity I: Observations, sample characterization and spectral line evolution
• Spectra of Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory
• Low-Energy Supernovae Severely Constrain Radiative Particle Decays
• The early detection and follow-up of the highly obscured Type II supernova 2016ija/DLT16am
• Electron-Capture and Low-Mass Iron-Core-Collapse Supernovae: New Neutrino-Radiation-Hydrodynamics Simulations
• Black hole formation and fallback during the supernova explosion of a $40{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ star
• On The Intrinsic Diversity of Type II-Plateau Supernovae
• Modeling SNR Cassiopeia A from the Supernova Explosion to its Current Age: The role of post-explosion anisotropies of ejecta
• A meta analysis of core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses
• UBVRIz Light Curves of 51 Type II Supernovae
• Astrophysical Axion Bounds: The 2024 Edition
• The Nickel Mass Distribution of Normal Type II Supernovae
• The electron-capture origin of supernova 2018zd
• Supernova 2013by: A Type IIL Supernova with a IIP-like light curve drop
• Short-Lived Circumstellar Interaction in the Low-Luminosity Type IIP SN 2016bkv
• Photospheric Magnitude Diagrams for Type II Supernovae: A Promising Tool to Compute Distances
• Supernova 1987A: a Template to Link Supernovae to their Remnants
• On the photometric and spectroscopic diversity of Type II supernovae
• The Berkeley sample of Type II supernovae: BVRI light curves and spectroscopy of 55 SNe II
• SN 2009ib: A Type II-P Supernova with an Unusually Long Plateau
• Type II supernovae from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I. II. Physical parameter distributions from hydrodynamical modelling
• Type II supernova spectral diversity II: Spectroscopic and photometric correlations
• A Global Model of The Light Curves and Expansion Velocities of Type II-Plateau Supernovae
• SN 2018zd: An Unusual Stellar Explosion as Part of the Diverse Type II Supernova Landscape
• Emission line models for the lowest-mass core collapse supernovae. I: Case study of a 9 $M_{\odot }$ one-dimensional neutrino-driven explosion
• SN 2012ec: mass of the progenitor from PESSTO follow-up of the photospheric phase
• Radiation-hydrodynamical modelling of underluminous type II plateau Supernovae
• The early discovery of SN 2017ahn: signatures of persistent interaction in a fast declining Type II supernova
• Observed Type II supernova colours from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I
• A study of the low-luminosity Type II-Plateau supernova 2008bk
• Nebular phase properties of supernova Ibc from He-star explosions
• Low-luminosity Type IIP Supernova 2016bkv with early-phase circumstellar interaction
• The importance of 56Ni in shaping the light curves of type II supernovae
• After the Fall: Late-Time Spectroscopy of Type IIP Supernovae
• Signatures of Circumstellar Interaction in the Type IIL Supernova ASASSN-15oz
• Progenitors of low-luminosity Type II-Plateau supernovae
• LOSS's First Supernova? New Limits on the "Impostor" SN 1997bs
• Optical and Ultraviolet Observations of A Low-Velocity Type II-Plateau Supernova 2013am in M65
• Type II supernovae from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I. III. Understanding SN II diversity through correlations between physical and observed properties
• Type II supernovae from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I. I. Bolometric light curves of 74 SNe II using uBgVriYJH photometry
• Stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses: Persistently larger values than supernovae type II
• The Iron Yield of Normal Type II Supernovae
• A low-energy explosion yields the underluminous Type IIP SN 2020cxd
• Progenitor candidate for the type II-P supernova SN 2018aoq in NGC 4151
• Low-luminosity type IIP supernovae: SN 2005cs and SN 2020cxd as very low-energy iron core-collapse explosions
• The Evolution of Luminous Red Nova AT 2017jfs in NGC 4470
• SNe 2013K and 2013am: observed and physical properties of two slow, normal Type IIP events
• Circumstellar Medium Interaction in SN 2018lab, A Low-Luminosity II-P Supernova observed with TESS
• Low luminosity Type II supernovae -- IV. SN 2020cxd and SN 2021aai, at the edges of the sub-luminous supernovae class
• Luminosity distribution of Type II supernova progenitors
• Hydrogen-rich Core Collapse Supernovae
• Synthetic observables for electron-capture supernovae and low-mass core collapse supernovae
• Discovery and Rapid Follow-up Observations of the Unusual Type II SN 2018ivc in NGC 1068
• Low luminosity Type II supernovae III. SN 2018hwm, a faint event with an unusually long plateau
• Observations of the luminous red nova AT 2021biy in the nearby galaxy NGC 4631
• Type II Supernovae as Distance Indicators at Near-IR Wavelengths
• The initial mass-final luminosity relation of type II supernova progenitors. Hints of new physics?
• ASASSN-15nx: A luminous Type II supernova with a "perfect" linear decline
• Supernova 2018cuf: A Type IIP supernova with a slow fall from plateau
• Broad band polarimetric investigation of Type IIP supernova 2013ej
• ASASSN-14dq: A fast-declining type II-P Supernova in a low-luminosity host galaxy
• The low-luminosity type II SN\,2016aqf: A well-monitored spectral evolution of the Ni/Fe abundance ratio
• LSQ13fn: A type II-Plateau supernova with a possibly low metallicity progenitor that breaks the standardised candle relation
• Monotonicity of the cores of massive stars
• Bolometric Lightcurves of Peculiar Type II-P Supernovae
• SN 2015ba: A type IIP supernova with a long plateau
• PS15cey and PS17cke: prospective candidates from the Pan-STARRS Search for Kilonovae
• Observational signature of circumstellar interaction and ${}^{56}$Ni-mixing in the Type II Supernova 2016gfy
• Gap Transients Interacting with Circumstellar Medium
• SN 2018gj: A Short-plateau Type II Supernova with Persistent Blue-shifted H-alpha Emission
• KSP-SN-2016kf: a long-rising H-rich Type II Supernova with unusually high ${}^{56}$Ni mass discovered in the KMTNet Supernova Program
• Signatures of an eruptive phase before the explosion of the peculiar core-collapse SN 2013gc
• AT 2017be - a new member of the class of Intermediate-Luminosity Red Transients
• SN 2018is: a low-luminosity Type IIP supernova with narrow hydrogen emission lines at early phases
• ASASSN-15no: The Supernova that plays hide-and-seek
• SN 2023ixf -- an average-energy explosion with circumstellar medium and a precursor
• DES16C3cje: A low-luminosity, long-lived supernova
• Core-collapse supernova subtypes in luminous infrared galaxies
• A low-luminosity core-collapse supernova very similar to SN 2005cs
• Memory-triggered supernova neutrino detection
• Long-rising Type II supernovae resembling supernova 1987A -- I. A comparative study through scaling relations
• Neutron stars formation and Core Collapse Supernovae
• Luminous Type II Short-Plateau SN 2023ufx: Asymmetric Explosion of a Partially-Stripped Massive Progenitor
• The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Its Observational Signatures
• The optical properties of three type II supernovae: 2014cx, 2014cy and 2015cz
• Circumstellar Light Echo as a Possible Origin of the Polarization of Type IIP Supernovae
• A Snapshot Survey of Nearby Supernovae with the Hubble Space Telescope
• SN 2015an: a normal luminosity type II supernova with low expansion velocity at early phases
• First Detection of X-Ray Line Emission from Type IIn Supernova 1978K with XMM-Newton's RGS
• A study in scarlet -- I. Photometric properties of a sample of Intermediate Luminosity Red Transients
• SN 2019nyk: A rapidly declining Type II supernova with early interaction signatures
• Supernovae from stellar mergers and accretors of binary mass transfer: Implications for Type IIP, 1987A-like and interacting supernovae
• Spectropolarimetry of Type II supernovae (I) Sample, observational data and interstellar polarization
• SN 2016B a.k.a ASASSN-16ab: a transitional type II supernova
• SN 2022acko: a low-luminosity SNe IIP with signs of early circumstellar interaction
• A long-lasting eruption heralds SN 2023ldh, a clone of SN 2009ip
• Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium $-$ X. Flash spectral features in the Type Ibn SN 2019cj and observations of SN 2018jmt
• The origins of low-luminosity supernovae: the case of SN 2016bkv
• Bright but slow - Type II supernovae from OGLE-IV - Implications for magnitude limited surveys
• The nebular phase of SN 2024ggi: a low-mass progenitor with no signs of interaction
• The Type II-P Supernova 2019mhm and Constraints on Its Progenitor System
• SN 2016iog: A fast declining Type II-L supernova with an ultra-faint tail, persistently interacting with circumstellar material
• PGIR 20eid (SN2020qmp): A Type IIP Supernova at 15.6 Mpc discovered by the Palomar Gattini-IR survey
• A precursor interpretation for the Crab supernova 1054 A.D. very early light curve
• Weak Mass Loss from the Red Supergiant Progenitor of the Type II SN 2021yja
• Electron-capture Supernova Candidates from Light Curves: Implications for Their Progenitors and Explosion Properties
• Subluminous Type IIP SN 2024abfl as a Result of a Significantly Low-energy Fe-core Collapse
• Relative frequencies of core-collapse supernovae as a function of metallicity: observations vs theoretical predictions
• Progenitor and Close-In Circumstellar Medium of Type II Supernova 2020fqv from High-Cadence Photometry and Ultra-Rapid UV Spectroscopy
• A graph-based spectral classification of Type II supernovae
• SN 2019va: A Type IIP Supernova with Large Influence of Nickel-56 Decay on the Plateau-phase Light Curve