On The Intrinsic Diversity of Type II-Plateau Supernovae

Abstract

Hydrogen-rich Type II-Plateau supernovae exhibit correlations between the plateau luminosity $L_{\mathrm{pl}}$, the nickel mass $M_{\mathrm{Ni}}$, the explosion energy $E_{\exp }$, and the ejecta mass $M_{\mathrm{ej}}$. Using our global, self-consistent, multi-band model of nearby well-observed supernovae, we find that the covariances of these quantities are strong and that the confidence ellipsoids are oriented in the direction of the correlations, which reduces their significance. By proper treatment of the covariance matrix of the model, we discover a significant intrinsic width to the correlations between $L_{\mathrm{pl}}$, $E_{\exp }$, and $M_{\mathrm{Ni}}$, where the uncertainties due to the distance and the extinction dominate. For fixed $E_{\exp }$, the spread in $M_{\mathrm{Ni}}$ is about 0.25 dex, which we attribute to the differences in the progenitor internal structure. We argue that the effects of incomplete $\gamma$-ray trapping are not important in our sample. Similarly, the physics of the Type II-Plateau supernova light curves leads to inherently degenerate estimates of $E_{\exp }$ and $M_{\mathrm{ej}}$, which makes their observed correlation weak. Ignoring the covariances of supernova parameters or the intrinsic width of the correlations causes significant biases in the slopes of the fitted relations. Our results imply that Type II-Plateau supernova explosions are not described by a single physical parameter or a simple one-dimensional trajectory through the parameter space, but instead reflect the diversity of the core and surface properties of their progenitors. We discuss the implications for the physics of the explosion mechanism and possible future observational constraints.

arXiv comment8 pages, 5 figures, accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (44)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• The slope of the black-hole mass versus velocity dispersion correlation
• How Massive Single Stars End their Life
• The Man Behind the Curtain: X-rays Drive the UV through NIR Variability in the 2013 AGN Outburst in NGC 2617
• Progenitors of core-collapse supernovae
• Black Hole Formation in Failing Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Progenitor-Explosion Connection and Remnant Birth Masses for Neutrino-Driven Supernovae of Iron-Core Progenitors
• Observed and Physical Properties of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Characterizing the V-band light-curves of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae
• Multidimensional Supernova Simulations with Approximative Neutrino Transport I. Neutron Star Kicks and the Anisotropy of Neutrino-Driven Explosions in Two Spatial Dimensions
• Type II Supernovae: Model Light Curves and Standard Candle Relationships
• Generalized Semi-Analytical Models of Supernova Light Curves
• Photometry and Spectroscopy of the Type IIP SN 1999em from Outburst to Dust Formation
• The Compactness of Presupernova Stellar Cores
• Low Luminosity Type II Supernovae: Spectroscopic and Photometric Evolution
• The Landscape of the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Neutron Star and Black Hole Mass Functions, Explosion Energies and Nickel Yields
• Discovery of the Dust-Enshrouded Progenitor of SN 2008S with Spitzer
• Characterizing Supernova Progenitors via the Metallicities of their Host Galaxies, from Poor Dwarfs to Rich Spirals
• Towards Characterization of the Type IIP Supernova Progenitor Population: a Statistical Sample of Light Curves from Pan-STARRS1
• Type II-Plateau supernova radiation: dependencies on progenitor and explosion properties
• Data analysis recipes: Fitting a model to data
• Underluminous Type II Plateau Supernovae: II. Pointing towards moderate mass precursors
• Peculiar, Low Luminosity Type II Supernovae: Low Energy Explosions in Massive Progenitors?
• Caltech Core-Collapse Project (CCCP) Observations of Type II Supernovae: Evidence for Three Distinct Photometric Subtypes
• The Progenitor Dependence of the Preexplosion Neutrino Emission in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• A Sample of Type II-L Supernovae
• Systematic Features of Axisymmetric Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernova Models in Multiple Progenitors
• Determining the main-sequence mass of Type II supernova progenitors
• Supernova 2012aw - a high-energy clone of archetypal type IIP SN 1999em
• High mass of the type IIP supernova 2004et inferred from hydrodynamic modeling
• The Rise of the Remarkable Type IIn Supernova SN 2009ip
• The Physics of the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• SN 2004A: Another Type II-P Supernova with a Red Supergiant Progenitor
• Moderately Luminous type II Supernovae
• A Global Model of The Light Curves and Expansion Velocities of Type II-Plateau Supernovae
• A semi-analytical light curve model and its application to type IIP supernovae
• An Emerging Coherent Picture of Red Supergiant Supernova Explosions
• A Global Physical Model for Cepheids
• Optical and Ultraviolet Observations of A Low-Velocity Type II-Plateau Supernova 2013am in M65
• The observed neutron star mass distribution as a probe of the supernova explosion mechanism
• SN 2008jb: A "Lost" Core-Collapse Supernova in a Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxy at ~10 Mpc
• LBT Discovery of a Yellow Supergiant Eclipsing Binary in the Dwarf Galaxy Holmberg IX
• Effect of Collective Neutrino Oscillations on the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Discovery and Observations of the Unusually Luminous Type-Defying II-P/II-L Supernova ASASSN-13co

Cited by in corpus (79)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Convective Boundaries, Element Diffusion, and Massive Star Explosions
• Core-Collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-powered Explosions
• The diversity of Type II supernova versus the similarity in their progenitors
• Chemical evolution with rotating massive star yields: I. The solar neighbourhood and the s-process elements
• Merging black hole binaries: the effects of progenitor's metallicity, mass-loss rate and Eddington factor
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernovae from Low-Mass Single and Binary Star Progenitors
• The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models
• Hydrodynamics of core-collapse supernovae and their progenitors
• Muonic Boson Limits: Supernova Redux
• Type II supernova spectral diversity I: Observations, sample characterization and spectral line evolution
• The Dynamics of Neutrino-Driven Supernova Explosions after Shock Revival in 2D and 3D
• Low-Energy Supernovae Severely Constrain Radiative Particle Decays
• The Gaia-ESO Survey: radial distribution of abundances in the Galactic disc from open clusters and young field stars
• UBVRIz Light Curves of 51 Type II Supernovae
• The Nickel Mass Distribution of Normal Type II Supernovae
• Short-Lived Circumstellar Interaction in the Low-Luminosity Type IIP SN 2016bkv
• Inferring Explosion Properties from Type II-Plateau Supernova Light Curves
• The Type II-P Supernova 2017eaw: from explosion to the nebular phase
• Multi-D Simulations of Ultra-Stripped Supernovae to Shock Breakout
• Radio continuum and polarization study of SNR G57.2+0.8 associated with magnetar SGR1935+2154
• Type II supernova spectral diversity II: Spectroscopic and photometric correlations
• Supernova lightCURVE POPulation Synthesis I: including interacting binaries is key to understanding the diversity of type II supernova lightcurves
• On the Distance of SGR 1935+2154 Associated with FRB 200428 and Hosted in SNR G57.2+0.8
• A Search for Stellar-Mass Black Holes via Astrometric Microlensing
• 129I and 247Cm in Meteorites Constrain the Last Astrophysical Source of Solar r-process Elements
• A Comprehensive Analysis of Spitzer Supernovae
• Radiation-hydrodynamical modelling of underluminous type II plateau Supernovae
• Low-luminosity Type IIP Supernova 2016bkv with early-phase circumstellar interaction
• Interplay Between Neutrino Kicks and Hydrodynamic Kicks of Neutron Stars and Black Holes
• On the nature of rapidly fading Type II supernovae
• Type II supernovae in low luminosity host galaxies
• SN 2009ip after a decade: The luminous blue variable progenitor is now gone
• Type II supernovae from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I. III. Understanding SN II diversity through correlations between physical and observed properties
• High-entropy ejections from magnetized proto-neutron star winds: implications for heavy element nucleosynthesis
• Mysterious Odd Radio Circle near the Large Magellanic Cloud -- An Intergalactic Supernova Remnant?
• Stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses: Persistently larger values than supernovae type II
• Mass discrepancy analysis for a select sample of Type II-Plateau supernovae
• The Iron Yield of Normal Type II Supernovae
• Low-luminosity type IIP supernovae: SN 2005cs and SN 2020cxd as very low-energy iron core-collapse explosions
• Circumstellar Medium Interaction in SN 2018lab, A Low-Luminosity II-P Supernova observed with TESS
• Studying Type II supernovae as cosmological standard candles using the Dark Energy Survey
• Nucleosynthesis of an $11.8M_{\odot }$ Supernova with 3D Simulation of the Inner Ejecta: Overall Yields and Implications for Short-Lived Radionuclides in the Early Solar System
• Magnetar Powered Ordinary Type IIP Supernovae
• Line Identifications of Type I Supernovae: On the Detection of Si II for these Hydrogen-poor Events
• Connecting the Light Curves of Type IIP Supernovae to the Properties of their Progenitors
• Synthetic observables for electron-capture supernovae and low-mass core collapse supernovae
• Shock breakouts from red supergiants: analytical and numerical predictions
• The synthesis of Ti44 and Ni56 in massive stars
• A Comparison of Explosion Energies for Simulated and Observed Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Luminous Type II supernovae for their low expansion velocities
• Supernova explosions interacting with aspherical circumstellar material: implications for light curves, spectral line profiles, and polarization
• ASASSN-15nx: A luminous Type II supernova with a "perfect" linear decline
• An updated Type II supernova Hubble diagram
• OGLE-2014-SN-073 as a fallback accretion powered supernova
• Broad band polarimetric investigation of Type IIP supernova 2013ej
• The low-luminosity type II SN\,2016aqf: A well-monitored spectral evolution of the Ni/Fe abundance ratio
• Search for Thermal X-ray Features from the Crab nebula with Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer
• KSP-SN-2016kf: a long-rising H-rich Type II Supernova with unusually high ${}^{56}$Ni mass discovered in the KMTNet Supernova Program
• Modeling of interactions between supernovae ejecta and aspherical circumstellar environments
• X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Emission From Core-collapse Supernovae: Comparison of Three-dimensional Neutrino-driven Explosions With SN 1987A
• What if the fast radio bursts 110220 and 140514 are from the same source?
• SN 2023ixf -- an average-energy explosion with circumstellar medium and a precursor
• The Extraplanar Type II Supernova ASASSN-14jb in the Nearby Edge-on Galaxy ESO 467-G051
• SN 2017czd: A Rapidly Evolving Supernova from a Weak Explosion of a Type IIb Supernova Progenitor
• Are stripped envelope supernovae really deficient in ${}^{56}$Ni?
• The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Its Observational Signatures
• The Extremely Metal-Poor SN 2023ufx: A Local Analog to High-Redshift Type II Supernovae
• Low-Energy Supernovae Bounds on Sterile Neutrinos
• Light Curves of Type IIP Supernovae from Neutrino-driven Explosions of Red Supergiants Obtained by a Semi-analytic Approach
• Phase-transition-induced collapse of proto-compact stars and its implication for supernova explosions
• Constraining red supergiant mass-loss prescriptions through supernova radio properties
• Bright Type IIP Supernovae in Low-Metallicity Galaxies
• The role of low-lying resonances for ${}^{10}$Be(p,$\alpha$) reaction rate and implications for the formation of the Solar System
• A New Distance to the Supernova Remnant DA 530 Based on HI Absorption of Polarized Emission
• Upper Limit on Star Formation and Metal Enrichment in Minihalos
• Constraints on Explosion Timescale of Core-Collapse Supernovae Based on Systematic Analysis of Light Curves
• High Cadence TESS and ground-based data of SN 2019esa, the less energetic sibling of SN 2006gy
• Cosmic Radioactivity and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Constraining the Time of Gravitational Wave Emission from Core-Collapse Supernovae