The origins of low-luminosity supernovae: the case of SN 2016bkv
arXiv:2108.09037 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2423
Abstract
We investigate the low-luminosity supernova SN 2016bkv and its peculiar early-time interaction. For that, we compute radiative transfer models using the CMFGEN code. Because SN 2016bkv shows signs of interaction with material expelled by its progenitor, it offers a great opportunity to constrain the uncertain evolutionary channels leading to low-luminosity supernovae. Our models indicate that the progenitor had a mass-loss rate of (6.0 +- 2.0) x 1e-4 Msun/yr (assuming a velocity of 150 km/s). The surface abundances of the progenitor are consistent with solar contents of He and CNO. If SN 2016bkv's progenitor evolved as a single star, it was an odd red supergiant that did not undergo the expected dredge up for some reason. We propose that the progenitor more likely evolved through binary interaction. One possibility is that the primary star accreted unprocessed material from a companion and avoided further rotational and convective mixing until the SN explosion. Another possibility is a merger with a lower mass star, with the primary remaining with low N abundance until core collapse. Given the available merger models, we can only put a loose constraint on the pre-explosion mass around 10-20 Msun, with lower values being favored based on previous observational constraints from the nebular phase.
10 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS accepted
References in corpus (23)
- Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars
- Pre-Supernova Evolution of Massive Single and Binary Stars
- Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis Version 2.1: construction, observational verification and new results
- The Zwicky Transient Facility: Science Objectives
- The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
- Observational constraints on the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae : the case for missing high mass stars
- Confined Dense Circumstellar Material Surrounding a Regular Type II Supernova: The Unique Flash-Spectroscopy Event of SN 2013fs
- Characterizing the V-band light-curves of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae
- A Wolf-Rayet-like progenitor of supernova SN 2013cu from spectral observations of a wind
- Luminous Blue Variables and superluminous supernovae from binary mergers
- SN 1994W: An Interacting Supernova or Two Interacting Shells?
- Numerical simulations of super-luminous supernovae of type IIn
- The electron-capture origin of supernova 2018zd
- Early-time spectra of supernovae and their precursor winds: the luminous blue variable/yellow hypergiant progenitor of SN 2013cu
- Early Emission from the Type IIn Supernova 1998S at High Resolution
- Grids of stellar models with rotation IV. Models from 1.7 to 120 Msun at a metallicity Z = 0.0004
- Inferring Explosion Properties from Type II-Plateau Supernova Light Curves
- A study of the low-luminosity Type II-Plateau supernova 2008bk
- The Uncertain Masses of Progenitors of Core Collapse Supernovae and Direct Collapse Black Holes
- Progenitors of low-luminosity Type II-Plateau supernovae
- Ejecta and progenitor of the low-luminosity Type IIP supernova 2003Z
- SNAPSHOT: Connections between Internal and Surface Properties of Massive Stars
- Binary Evolution and the Progenitor of SN 1987A