SN 2023ixf: interaction signatures in the spectrum at 445 days

Abstract

SN 2023ixf is one of the most neaby and brightest Type II supernovae (SNe) of the past decades. A rich set of pre-explosion data provided important insight on the properties of the progenitor star. There has been a wide range of estimated initial masses of 9 - 22 $M{}_{\odot }$. Early monitoring of the SN also showed the presence of a dense CSM structure near the star ($10^{15}$ cm) that was probably expelled in the last years prior to the explosion. These extended CSM structure can be further probed with late-time observations during the nebular phase. This study is based on a nebular spectrum obtained with GMOS at the Gemini North Telescope 445 days after explosion. The SN evolution is analyzed in comparison with a previous spectrum at an age of 259 days, and compared with those of similar SNe II and with synthetic radiation-transfer nebular spectra. The 445-d spectrum exhibits a dramatic evolution with clear signs of ejecta-CSM interaction. The H$\alpha$ profile shows a complex profile that can be separated into a boxy component arising from the interaction with a CSM shell and a central peaked component that may be due to the radioactive-powered SN ejecta. The CSM shell would be located at a distance of $\approx 10^{16}$ cm from the progenitor and it may be associated with mass loss occurring up until $\approx 500-1000$ years before the explosion. Similar interaction signatures have been detected in other SNe II, although for events with standard plateau durations this happened at times later than 600 - 700 days. SN 2023ixf appears to belong to a group of SNe II with short plateaus or linear light curves that develop interaction features before $\approx 500$ days. Other lines, such as those from [O I] and [Ca II] appear to be unaffected by the CSM interaction. This allowed us to estimate an initial progenitor mass, which resulted in the relatively low range of 10 - 15 $M{}_{\odot }$.

arXiv comment11 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (61)

• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
• Mass-loss predictions for O and B stars as a function of metallicity
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Data Processing, Products, and Archive
• Mass Loss: Its Effect on the Evolution and Fate of High-Mass Stars
• The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
• WISeREP - An Interactive Supernova Data Repository
• Observational constraints on the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae : the case for missing high mass stars
• Confined Dense Circumstellar Material Surrounding a Regular Type II Supernova: The Unique Flash-Spectroscopy Event of SN 2013fs
• Characterizing the V-band light-curves of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae
• Detailed Analysis of Early to Late-Time Spectra of Supernova 1993J
• The progenitor mass of the Type IIP supernova SN 2004et from late-time spectral modeling
• Dust and the type II-plateau supernova 2004et
• The Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events (ALeRCE) Alert Broker
• A new mass-loss rate prescription for red supergiants
• The nebular spectra of SN 2012aw and constraints on stellar nucleosynthesis from oxygen emission lines
• Photometric and Spectroscopic Properties of Type II-P Supernovae
• The delay of shock breakout due to circumstellar material seen in most Type II Supernovae
• Optical and near infrared coverage of SN 2004et: physical parameters and comparison with other type IIP supernovae
• Type II supernova spectral diversity I: Observations, sample characterization and spectral line evolution
• Optical Signatures of Circumstellar Interaction in Type IIP Supernovae
• Thermal and non-thermal emission from circumstellar interaction
• SN 2007od: A Type IIP SN with Circumstellar Interaction
• The Red Supergiant Progenitor of Supernova 2012aw (PTF12bvh) in Messier 95
• The Type IIP SN 2007od in UGC 12846: from a bright maximum to dust formation in the nebular phase
• SN2023ixf in Messier 101: A Variable Red Supergiant as the Progenitor Candidate to a Type II Supernova
• The prevalence and influence of circumstellar material around hydrogen-rich supernova progenitors
• SN Ib 1990I: Clumping and Dust in the Ejecta?
• The multi-faceted Type II-L supernova 2014G from pre-maximum to nebular phase
• From Discovery to the First Month of the Type II Supernova 2023ixf: High and Variable Mass Loss in the Final Year before Explosion
• Immediate dense circumstellar environment of supernova progenitors caused by wind acceleration: its effect on supernova light curves
• Early Spectroscopy and Dense Circumstellar Medium Interaction in SN 2023ixf
• A Luminous Red Supergiant and Dusty Long-period Variable Progenitor for SN 2023ixf
• Type IIP supernova light curves affected by the acceleration of red supergiant winds
• Shock Cooling and Possible Precursor Emission in the Early Light Curve of the Type II SN 2023ixf
• Nebular phase observations of the type-Ib supernova iPTF13bvn favour a binary progenitor
• Modeling the signatures of interaction in Type II supernovae: UV emission, high-velocity features, broad-boxy profiles
• Constraining the physical properties of Type II-P supernovae using nebular phase spectra
• Asphericity, Interaction, and Dust in the Type II-P/II-L Supernova 2013ej in Messier 74
• Photometric and Spectroscopic Evolution of the Type IIP SN 2007it to Day 944
• A Shock Flash Breaking Out of a Dusty Red Supergiant
• Far-Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Observations of SN 2023ixf: A high energy explosion engulfed in complex circumstellar material
• Extensive Spectroscopy and Photometry of the Type IIP Supernova 2013ej
• Early hard X-rays from the nearby core-collapse supernova SN2023ixf
• Emission line models for the lowest-mass core collapse supernovae. I: Case study of a 9 $M_{\odot }$ one-dimensional neutrino-driven explosion
• The early discovery of SN 2017ahn: signatures of persistent interaction in a fast declining Type II supernova
• Millimeter Observations of the Type II SN2023ixf: Constraints on the Proximate Circumstellar Medium
• Circumstellar Material Ejected Violently by A Massive Star Immediately before its Death
• Synthetic red supergiant explosion model grid for systematic characterization of Type II supernovae
• Early Dust Formation and a Massive Progenitor for SN 2011ja?
• Detection of Late-Time Circumstellar Interaction of SN 2017eaw in NGC 6946
• The morphing of decay powered to interaction powered Type II supernova ejecta at nebular times
• SN 2008jb: A "Lost" Core-Collapse Supernova in a Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxy at ~10 Mpc
• Progenitor mass and ejecta asymmetry of SN 2023ixf from nebular spectroscopy
• SN 2017ivv: two years of evolution of a transitional Type II supernova
• The Transition of a Type IIL Supernova into a Supernova Remnant: Late-time Observations of SN 2013by
• Radio Emission from Supernovae in the Very Early Phase: Implications for the Dynamical Mass Loss of Massive Stars
• BVRI Photometry of the Classic Type II-P Supernova 2017eaw in NGC 6946: Day 3 to Day 594
• The nebular spectra of SN 2023ixf: A lower mass, partially stripped progenitor may be the result of binary interaction
• Constraining red supergiant mass-loss prescriptions through supernova radio properties

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Multimessenger Constraints on the Central Engine in SN 2023ixf: Neutron Star or Black Hole?